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UK and Indonesia Sign Critical Minerals Agreement Mining.com reported on September 18 that the British Embassy in Indonesia has announced a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the UK and Indonesia on critical minerals cooperation. The agreement focuses on fostering policy dialogue, sharing technical expertise, and exchanging professional experience in areas such as the resilience of critical mineral supply chains, sustainable upstream and downstream processing, and crisis management in the mineral sector. Notably, two months ago, the United States announced Indonesia's participation in the Mineral Security Partnership (MSP), aimed at accelerating the development of sustainable critical mineral supply chains. The signing of this MoU marks both nations' commitment to becoming key players in the global critical minerals supply chain.   India Expands Critical Minerals Exploration in Latin America MiningWeekly reported on September 18 that India's Minister of Mines, V.L. Kansa Rao, stated that the state-owned Coal India Limited is actively exploring critical minerals in Argentina and is in talks with the Chilean government regarding lithium resource cooperation. In June, Coal India began lithium exploration activities in Argentina in collaboration with a U.S. company, as part of India's strategy to secure battery materials within the MSP framework led by the United States. Additionally, the state-owned KABIL (Khanij Bidesh India Limited) is exploring critical minerals in Australia and has received approval to conduct non-invasive, "green" exploration in Argentina.   UN Releases Guidelines on Critical Minerals for Energy Transition Reuters reported on September 17 that the United Nations has launched its Fair and Just Guidelines for Critical Minerals Driving the Energy Transition. The report outlines pathways to achieve a just and equitable renewable energy revolution, promoting sustainable development, human rights, environmental protection, and prosperity for resource-rich developing nations. In April, UN Secretary-General António Guterres established a special expert group to develop recommendations and guidelines to help governments and mining companies secure energy transition minerals while safeguarding human rights, justice, and fairness. The group recommends establishing a high-level expert advisory panel within the UN to convene stakeholders for policy dialogue on economic issues across the mineral value chain. The guidelines also advocate for a global system of traceability, transparency, and accountability, and propose a fund to address historical environmental issues such as abandoned or orphaned mines. The group further suggests empowering artisanal and small-scale miners to become key contributors to development, environmental governance, and human rights protection, promoting material efficiency and recycling.   Canada Invests Over CAD 8 Million to Boost Critical Minerals Recycling in Ontario According to the website of the Canadian Ministry of Natural Resources on September 15, the Canadian government has allocated CAD 8.4 million to support critical mineral recycling technologies in Ontario, aiding the electric vehicle supply chain. The funding will promote the development of a circular economy for rare earth elements used in permanent magnets and the recycling of graphite for lithium-ion batteries. Cyclic Materials will receive CAD 4.9 million to build a demonstration plant that will produce high-purity rare earth oxides and cobalt-nickel hydroxide products using recycled materials. Green Graphite Technologies (GGT) will receive CAD 3.5 million to advance its GraphRenew technology, which converts used graphite into reusable material.

Modifiers are agents used to adjust the action of collectors and the conditions of the flotation medium. They include activators that promote the interaction between collectors and the particles of unwanted minerals, pH modifiers that adjust the pH of the medium, depressants that inhibit the floatability of non-target particles, dispersants that maintain unwanted fine particles in a dispersed state, and flocculants that encourage target fine particles to agglomerate into larger clusters.   Modifiers are one type of flotation reagent used to modify the surface properties of minerals and the characteristics of the slurry (such as the composition of the liquid phase, frothing performance, foam properties, etc.), improving the selectivity and conditions of the flotation process. Based on their primary function in the flotation process, modifiers can be classified into depressants, activators, pH modifiers, flocculants, and others.   What is the Classification of Modifiers? Modifiers can be categorized into five types:   1. pH Modifiers These reagents are used to regulate the pH of the slurry, controlling the surface characteristics of minerals, the chemical composition of the slurry, and the conditions of other reagents, thereby improving flotation performance. In cyanidation processes, pH regulation is also necessary. Common pH modifiers include lime, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid. In gold extraction, lime and sulfuric acid are the most commonly used modifiers.   2. Activators Activators enhance the interaction between minerals and collectors, allowing difficult-to-float minerals to be activated and float. For example, sodium sulfide is used to activate gold-bearing lead and copper oxide ores, which are then floated using collectors such as xanthates.   Click the image below to get more details of our activators! 3. Depressants Depressants increase the hydrophilicity of minerals and prevent them from interacting with collectors, thereby inhibiting their floatability. For instance, lime is used to depress pyrite in preferential flotation, while zinc sulfate and cyanide are used to depress sphalerite. Silicates, such as sodium silicate (water glass), are used to depress silicate gangue minerals, while organic substances like starch and tannin are used to achieve selective flotation separation of polymetallic ores.   4. Flocculants Flocculants cause fine mineral particles to aggregate into larger particles, accelerating their settling rate in water. Selective flocculation can be used for flocculation and de-sliming, or for flocculation and flotation. Common flocculants include polyacrylamide and starch.   Click the image below to get more details of our flocculant!   5. Dispersants Dispersants prevent fine mineral particles from agglomerating, maintaining them in a monomeric state, opposite in function to flocculants. Common dispersants include sodium silicate and phosphates.   What are the Functions of Modifiers? In the mineral processing process, flotation is the method of concentrating minerals by taking advantage of the natural differences in hydrophobicity between different minerals in the ground ore slurry. For effective separation of minerals in finely ground ore, reagents must be added to the slurry, which is then agitated and aerated. Minerals that attach to air bubbles float to the surface, while non-floating minerals remain in the slurry, leading to mineral concentration. The reagents used in flotation, apart from collectors and frothers, are collectively referred to as modifiers.   The function of modifiers is to adjust the interaction between collectors and minerals, either promoting or inhibiting their floatability, and to regulate the pH and ionic composition of the slurry.   Conclusion In summary, modifiers play a crucial role in the flotation process by modifying the surface properties of minerals and optimizing the conditions within the slurry. Whether it's adjusting pH levels, activating certain minerals, or inhibiting others, modifiers enhance the selectivity and efficiency of mineral separation. Understanding the various types and functions of modifiers is essential for optimizing flotation processes and achieving desired mineral recovery rates. By carefully selecting and applying these agents, operators can significantly improve the overall performance and economic outcomes of mineral processing operations.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in delivering comprehensive mineral processing solutions for both metallic and non-metallic ores, with a focus on environmentally sustainable and highly efficient reagents. With extensive experience in treating ores such as copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, and magnesium, as well as rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we provide customized solutions that cater to the specific needs of your ore and production environment. Our goal is to optimize customer outcomes through advanced beneficiation techniques and premium reagents. Y&X is committed to offering complete mineral processing solutions and looks forward to a fruitful partnership with you.

To enhance the selectivity of the flotation process, strengthen the effect of collectors and frothers, reduce the mutual inclusion of useful mineral components, and improve the conditions of the flotation pulp, regulators are commonly used in the flotation process. Flotation regulators include many reagents, and they can be classified into depressants, activators, pH modifiers, defoamers, flocculants, and dispersants based on their roles in the flotation process.   Activators are a type of flotation reagent that enhances the adsorption capacity of minerals on collectors. The activation mechanisms include: (1)Forming an insoluble activation film on the mineral surface that readily interacts with collectors; (2)Creating active sites on the mineral surface that readily interact with collectors; (3)Removing hydrophilic films from the mineral surface to enhance the floatability of the mineral surface; (4)Eliminating metal ions in the slurry that hinder the flotation of target minerals.   Copper sulfate activators are important activators.   Properties and Classification of Copper Sulfate Activators The role of copper sulfate activators in mineral flotation primarily involves altering the chemical properties of the mineral surface to enhance its flotation performance. Here's how it works:   1. Chemical Reaction: Copper sulfate (CuSO₄) acts as an activator in the flotation process, primarily to promote the flotation of certain minerals. It reacts with the mineral surface, especially with sulfide minerals such as pyrite and sphalerite, forming copper ions (Cu²⁺) and other compounds. These copper ions can bond with the sulfides on the mineral surface, altering the chemical properties of the mineral surface.   2. Changing Surface Properties: The addition of copper sulfate creates a new chemical environment on the mineral surface, altering its hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. For example, copper ions can make the mineral surface more hydrophobic, increasing its ability to attach to air bubbles during flotation. This occurs because copper sulfate reacts with the sulfides on the mineral surface, thereby altering the surface charge and hydrophilicity of the mineral.   3. Enhancing Selectivity: Copper sulfate can increase the selectivity of the flotation process by activating the flotation of specific minerals. For certain minerals, it can significantly improve their flotation rate and recovery. This is because activation makes the mineral surface more prone to combining with flotation reagents (such as collectors), thereby enhancing the efficiency of the flotation process.   4. Promoting Collector Adsorption: By altering the surface properties of minerals, copper sulfate can promote the adsorption of flotation collectors (such as xanthates and dithiophosphates). This promotion enables collectors to more effectively bind to the mineral surface, enhancing the collecting capacity and selectivity of the flotation process.   In summary, copper sulfate, as an activator in mineral flotation, primarily works by altering the chemical properties of the mineral surface, increasing its hydrophobicity, and promoting collector adsorption, thereby improving the flotation performance and selectivity of the mineral.   Y&X's Copper Sulfate (CuSO₄) is a powerful activator for sulfide ores like sphalerite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, ensuring efficient and selective flotation in your mining processes. Want to know more? Please click the image below!   Applications of Copper Sulfate Activators Copper sulfate has a wide range of applications in mineral flotation. A classic example is in the flotation of copper ores. In the processing of copper ores, copper sulfate is often used to activate pyrite, enhancing its flotation performance with collectors such as xanthates. Through the action of copper sulfate, the surface of pyrite becomes more amenable to the adsorption of collectors, thereby improving the recovery rate and flotation efficiency of copper ores. Another example is the flotation of lead-zinc ores, where copper sulfate is used to activate sphalerite, improving its performance in the flotation process. These applications underscore the importance of copper sulfate as an activator in mineral flotation.     Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a trusted provider of comprehensive beneficiation solutions for metal and non-metallic mines, focusing on environmentally friendly and highly efficient reagents. Leveraging our extensive expertise in processing a variety of ores, including copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, as well as rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores such as bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we craft tailored solutions to meet the unique requirements of your ore and production conditions. Our mission is to maximize customer benefits through cutting-edge beneficiation techniques and top-quality reagents. Y&X is dedicated to delivering end-to-end beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful collaboration with you.