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Iron is widely distributed in nature and is one of the earliest discovered and most commonly used metals. There are various types of iron ore with different grades. Iron can be selected through processes such as crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, flotation, and reselection. The main materials with high industrial value are magnetite, hematite, magnetite, ilmenite, limonite, and siderite. 1. Magnetite ore Magnetite is a type of iron oxide ore, which is a common iron ore mineral. It appears black gray with metallic luster and black streaks. Magnetite is widely distributed in the Earth's crust and often coexists with other minerals. The iron content is 72.4% and it has magnetism. Magnetic separation method can be used in mineral processing, which is very convenient. Due to its fine structure, its reduction performance is poor. After long-term weathering, it becomes hematite. 2. Hematite Hematite is also an iron oxide, with a surface color ranging from red to light gray, sometimes black, and dark red streaks. Commonly found in geological environments such as volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks. Due to their different structural conditions, they can be divided into many categories, such as Red hematite, Specular hematite, Micaceous hematite, and Red Ocher. Pure hematite has an iron content of 70%, with less harmful impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus, and better reducibility than magnetite. 3. Limonite This is an ore containing iron hydroxide, which is a general term for two different structured ores, goethite and phosphorite, and appears as earthy yellow or brown. Commonly found in geological layers such as mudstone and sandstone containing iron. Due to the weathering of other iron ores, brown iron ore has a relatively soft structure, low specific gravity, and high water content. 4. Titanium iron ore Titanium iron ore is an oxide mineral of iron and titanium, appearing gray to black with a slight metallic luster, also known as titanium magnetite. The main application is to extract rare metal titanium. 5. Siderite Siderite is an ore containing ferrous carbonate, mostly in a bluish gray color. This type of ore mostly contains a considerable amount of calcium and magnesium salts. Although its iron content is not high, it is easy to mine and process.     The common beneficiation methods for iron ore mainly include the following, and the beneficiation methods may vary for different types and characteristics of iron ore: Ⅰ. Magnetic ore beneficiation method 1. Single weak magnetic separation process Suitable for easily selected single magnetite ores with simple mineral composition. It can be further divided into continuous grinding weak magnetic separation process and stage grinding stage separation process. Continuous grinding weak magnetic separation process: suitable for ores with coarse particle size or high iron grade. According to the particle size of the iron ore, one stage grinding or two stages of continuous grinding can be used. After the grinding products meet the separation requirements, weak magnetic separation can be carried out. Stage grinding stage separation process: suitable for low-grade ores with finer embedded particle size. After a stage of grinding, magnetic separation coarse selection is carried out, and some qualified tailings are discarded. The magnetic separation coarse concentrate then enters the second stage of grinding for further grinding and selection. 2. Weak magnetic separation reverse flotation process Mainly aimed at the problem of difficulty in improving the grade of iron ore concentrate and the high composition of impurities such as SiO2 in iron concentrate. The process methods include two types: magnetic separation cation reverse flotation process and magnetic separation anion reverse flotation process. 3. Weak magnetic strong magnetic flotation combined process Mainly used for processing polymetallic coexisting iron ores and mixed iron ores. It is divided into weak magnetic separation flotation process, weak magnetic strong magnetic process, and weak magnetic strong magnetic flotation process. Weak magnetic separation flotation process: mainly used for processing magnetite ore with associated sulfides. Weak magnetic strong magnetic process: mainly used for processing mixed ores with low magnetic properties. Firstly, weak magnetic separation is used to separate weak magnetic magnetite, and then strong magnetic separation is used to recover weak magnetic minerals such as hematite from weak magnetic tailings. Weak magnetic strong magnetic flotation process: used for processing more complex polymetallic coexisting iron ores.   Ⅱ. Mineral processing method for hematite ore 1. Roasting and magnetic separation process When the mineral composition is relatively complex and other beneficiation methods are difficult to obtain good separation indicators, magnetization roasting method is often used. For fine ore, methods such as strong magnetic separation, gravity separation, flotation, and their combined processes are commonly used for separation. 2. Flotation process of hematite The flotation process methods include anionic collector forward flotation, cationic collector reverse flotation, and anionic collector reverse flotation, all of which have been applied in industry. The reverse flotation process has advantages over the forward flotation process because the target of the reverse flotation process is gangue, while the target of the forward flotation process is iron minerals. The effective gravity of gangue in flotation pulp is far lower than that of iron minerals, so it is easier to separate gangue minerals in flotation foam by reverse flotation. Therefore, it is easier to separate gangue minerals in flotation foam by reverse flotation. 3. Weak magnetic strong magnetic process The traditional process flow for processing magnet hematite mixed ore. After the weak magnetic separation tailings are concentrated, they are subjected to strong magnetic coarse selection and scanning selection. The strong magnetic coarse concentrate is concentrated and then selected by a strong magnetic separator. 4. Strong magnetic flotation process Due to the small amount of magnetite and other strong magnetic minerals in the ore, it is easy to cause blockage of the strong magnetic field separator, so when using the strong magnetic separation process. It is usually necessary to add a weak magnetic separation operation before the strong magnetic separation operation to remove or separate the strong magnetic minerals in the ore.   Ⅲ.Mineral processing method for brown iron ore 1. Single selection process For ores with high iron grade and good selectivity. Usually, a simple single separation process is used, including reselection, high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation. Single re-election process: As the main sorting method for brown iron ore, re-election is mainly used to process coarse-grained disseminated ore. Single magnetic separation process: Strong magnetic separation is also a commonly used method for separating limonite, with a simple process and convenient management. Has strong adaptability to ores, and concentrates are easy to concentrate and filter. But for fine-grained mineral mud, the separation effect is poor. Single flotation process: flotation is divided into two process flows: forward flotation and reverse flotation. 2. Joint selection process Including magnetization roasting magnetic separation process, flotation strong magnetic process, reselection strong magnetic process, etc.   Ⅳ.Mineral processing method for siderite ore 1. Roasting magnetic separation technology Magnetic roasting principle: refers to the physical and chemical reactions that occur in a corresponding atmosphere after heating materials or ores to a certain temperature, thereby thermally decomposing weakly magnetic siderite into strongly magnetic magnetite and magnetite. Magnetic roasting classification: Stacked state magnetic roasting, fluidized state magnetic roasting (cooling method will affect the effect of magnetic roasting of siderite). 2. Strong magnetic separation process: Siderite or magnesiosiderite has weak magnetism. Although the ore grade is low and the mineral composition is complex, strong magnetic separation technology can successfully separate weak magnetic iron minerals such as hematite and limonite, including siderite. 3. Flotation process: There are two main flotation processes: positive flotation for iron enrichment and reverse flotation for desilication. The above is an introduction to commonly used methods for iron ore, and the specific situation should be determined based on the actual characteristics of the ore.     Recommend several reagents for iron ore flotation:   Titanium iron collector 【Characteristics】Black paste like solid 【Water soluble】Partially soluble in water 【Specification】750kg/pallet or 25kg/bag 【Typical applicable minerals】Ilmenite 【Function】This product is mainly used for flotation of ilmenite, with good selectivity and can significantly improve the grade of concentrate.   Red magnetite depressant 【Characteristics】White to light yellow powder 【Specification】25kg/bag, 50kg/bag, 1000kg/bag 【Function】Red magnetite depressant, when added to the slurry, can effectively improve the surface hydrophilicity of minerals such as hematite, magnetite, and limonite, effectively inhibiting them and achieving the improvement and reduction of impurities in iron concentrate. Mainly used for reverse flotation of iron ore.   Reverse flotation (silicate) collector 【Characteristics】Light yellow to yellow liquid 【Water soluble】Insoluble 【Specification】900kg/IBC drum 【Function】Efficient ether amine, suitable for removing silicates from hematite and magnetite, easy to biodegrade.

Characteristics of Molybdenum Ore Molybdenum Ore refers to a metal ore or mineral containing Molybdenum element. Molybdenum Ore has a high hardness, generally between 5-5.5, and a density of approximately 10.2g/cm³. It has a certain stability in air, but is easily oxidized in high temperature and humid environments. Molybdenum Ore often presents as needle shaped or inclined plate-like crystals, appearing gray black or lead gray, sometimes accompanied by blue or purple patches. Has metallic or semi metallic luster, but lacks transparency. Molybdenum Ore   Common Molybdenum Ores include Molybdenite (MoS2), Molybdenum Chalcopyrite (MoAs2), Molybdenum Antimony Copper Ore (CuMoS4), etc. These ores are usually rich in Molybdenum and can be extracted from them through smelting and refining processes. Molybdenite is a sulfide mineral and the most common Molybdenum Ore, with a high Molybdenum content. Molybdenite Ore   Nickel Molybdenum-Bearing Scaly Ore   Quartz Molybdenum Ore     Classification of Molybdenum Ore Molybdenum Ore can be divided into two categories: Sulfide Molybdenum Ore and Oxide Molybdenum Ore. Molybdenum Sulfide Ore refers to ores containing Molybdenum Sulfide, with main minerals such as Molybdenite and Molybdenite. Molybdenum Oxide Ore refers to ores containing Molybdenum Oxide, with main minerals including Molybdate Ore, Molybdenum sand ore, etc. Molybdenum Sulfide Ore is the main source of Molybdenum resources, while Molybdenum Oxide Ore is formed under certain special conditions.   Global resource distribution of Molybdenum Ore Molybdenum resources are widely distributed, with major Molybdenum producing countries around the world including the United States, China, Chile, Canada, and Russia. Among them, the Hilton mining area in Colorado, USA, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces in China, Catamarca in Chile, and British Columbia province in Canada are all famous Molybdenum mining areas. However, due to the limited availability of Molybdenum resources, the global Molybdenum market has been facing a tight supply and demand situation.   Selection of Molybdenum Metal in Molybdenum Ore The content of Molybdenum in Molybdenum Ore is not high, and the currently mined ore contains only a few thousandths or even tens of thousands of Molybdenum. The mined ore cannot be directly supplied for smelting, and must be enriched into Molybdenum concentrate before it can be used as raw material for smelting. The enrichment of Molybdenum containing ores is almost entirely achieved by flotation method. The flotation method can completely separate Molybdenite from gangue and associated minerals. Magnetic separation is sometimes used as the final process to remove impurities such as iron from Molybdenite minerals. The selection process of Molybdenum concentrate usually uses targeted collectors and frothers. Some minerals with high talc content need to be suppressed with depressants before being collected and selected.     Collectors:   M1001 【Characteristics】 A brown oily liquid 【Density】 1.00-1.05g/cm3 【Specification】 1000kg/IBC or 200kg/drum 【Function】 Molybdenum high-efficiency collector, non hydrocarbon oil, with certain foaming properties, mainly used for flotation of Molybdenum Sulfide and Molybdenum Sulfide Copper Ore, especially for fine-grained Molybdenum, which can effectively improve the recovery rate of mineral processing. It has a small dosage and good selectivity, but weak collection ability for pyrite and magnetite.   M1001S 【Characteristics】 A yellow oily liquid with a garlic odor 【Density】0.99-1.03g/cm3 【Water soluble】 Insoluble in water 【Specification】 1000kg/IBC or 200kg/drum 【Typical applicable minerals】 Molybdenum Sulfide Ore, Copper Molybdenum Sulfide Ore, Copper slag 【Function】 This product is an oil based collector that is insoluble in water and belongs to the organic chelating class. A Copper Molybdenum Sulfide mineral collector with excellent selectivity, successfully used for flotation of Copper Ore containing Molybdenite, can improve the recovery rate of Molybdenite and enhance subsequent Copper Molybdenum separation. It can also be used for flotation of low alkalinity primary Copper and Sulfide Copper, and is the main collector for Copper recovery from Copper slag in smelters. This product is one of the most selective Copper collectors, with extremely weak ability to capture pyrite. It can achieve Copper Sulfur separation under low alkalinity conditions and is an excellent collector for high Sulfur Copper ore flotation. This product does not have foaming properties and requires the use of frothers or emulsifiers.   Frothers:    Q6500 【Characteristics】 A yellow to brownish yellow oily liquid 【Density】 0.9-0.95g/cm3 【Specification】 900kg/IBC or 180kg/drum 【Function】 The frother has fast foaming speed, strong foaming ability and good bubble stability, which can effectively reduce the surface tension of the pulp, promote the air dispersion in the pulp, form small bubbles, and effectively interact with the target minerals to form mineralized foam, so that the target minerals can be efficiently enriched in the mineralized foam layer and effectively separated from non target minerals.   Q30 【Characteristics】 This product is a yellow oily liquid 【Density】 0.98-1.02g/cm3 【Specification】 1000kg/IBC or 200kg/drum 【Function】 The frother has strong foaming property. The foaming diameter, bubble merging rate and foam layer thickness are appropriate, which can effectively promote the improvement of concentrate grade and recovery rate. It is suitable for the beneficiation of non-ferrous metal ores, rare and precious metal ores, especially for the beneficiation of colored metal ores with high argillaceous gangue content.     Q80 【Characteristics】 A colorless and transparent liquid 【Density】 1.00-1.05g/cm3 【Water soluble】 Partially soluble in water 【Specification】 1000kg/IBC or 200kg/drum 【Typical applicable minerals】 Copper Sulfide ore, Copper Gold Sulfide ore, Copper Lead Zinc Sulfide ore, etc 【Function】The frother forms stable foam by reducing the surface tension of water. The non-polar group of the frother can form strong adsorption with the hydrophobic group of traditional collectors and third-generation ester reagents, so that the target mineral particles can be stably attached to the air bubble and selectively attached to achieve the flotation of the target mineral. Because of its small foam viscosity, normal distribution of foam diameter and low liquid carrying capacity, the foam is fresh and not easy to be directly adsorbed with hydrophilic gangue or minerals, and the entrainment effect is minimal, which can ensure the flotation recovery rate and also improve the grade of concentrate. Applied to replace MIBC in copper sulfide ores, copper gold sulfide ores, copper lead zinc sulfide ores, etc., it is an efficient flotation frother for non-ferrous metal sulfide ores.   Talc Depressant:   D417 【Characteristics】 White to light yellow solid powder 【Density】 1.05-1.15g/cm3 【Specifications】 25kg/bag, 50kg/bag, 1000kg/bag 【Key features】 Depressant for such as talc, serpentine, mica, and pyroxene improve concentrate recovery and grade. 【Function】 Mainly used for efficient suppression of easily floating and mud prone gangue minerals such as talc, serpentine, mica, and pyroxene. It is mostly used for Copper Nickel Ore, Copper Ore, Platinum Ore, etc. It can effectively separate the target mineral from the mud gangue mineral, avoid the cover and adsorption of the target mineral by talc and other mud gangue minerals, and enable the collector to efficiently interact with the target mineral, achieve efficient collection of the target mineral, and improve the recovery rate and grade of the concentrate.   D417S 【Characteristics】Light yellow to brownish yellow solid powder 【Water solubility】 Soluble in water 【Packaging Specifications】 25kg/bag, 750kg/bag, 750kg/pallet 【Key features】 It has a dispersing effect on the slurry, depress talc, silicates, and carbonates. 【Typical applicable minerals】 Copper Ore, Nickel Ore, Nickel Copper Ore, Platinum Ore, etc 【Function】 (1) Depressants selectively interact with minerals such as talc, serpentine, and mica to form a hydrophilic film on their surface, preventing them from interacting with or adhering to bubbles and avoiding their inclusion in concentrate products; (2) Depressants have a certain degree of selective agglomeration effect, which can selectively coagulate the mudified gangue minerals, avoid the mudified gangue minerals from covering and adsorbing on the surface of the target mineral, reduce their adverse interference on the flotation of the target mineral, and enable collectors, frothers, etc. to effectively interact with the target mineral, thereby improving the recovery rate of concentrate; (3) Can effectively depress silicate minerals; (4) The depressed effect on carbonate minerals such as calcite and dolomite is significant.