China Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. Company Cases

Classification of Copper Ore   Based on the oxidation extent of Copper ore, those with an oxidation rate higher than 30% are classified as Oxidized Copper ore, those with an oxidation rate lower than 10% are classified as Sulfide Copper ore, and those with an oxidation rate between 10% and 30% are called mixed Copper ore. In other words, according to the high or low oxidation rate, it can be divided into: Copper Oxide ore: oxidation rate>30%; Copper Sulfide ore: oxidation rate

Flotation Test Case---Zinc Oxide Ore     Project Background Introduction   This project is the original ore sample of Moroccan Zinc Oxide Mine. After crushing and mixing the ore samples, mineralogical analysis samples and mineral processing test samples were obtained respectively. The analysis of Lead, Zinc, and elements that affect mineral processing is shown in Table 1. The Lead phase analysis is shown in Table 2, and the Zinc phase analysis is shown in Table 3.   Table 1 Multi Element Analysis of Raw Ore (%) Element Pb Zn Fe CaO MgO Al2O3 SiO2 S Content 1.41 8.01 1.34 25.55 17.65 0.18 0.74 0.086   Table 2 Lead Phase Analysis (%) Phase Composition Pb in Cerussite and Litharge Pb in Galena Pb in Sardinianite/ Plumbojarosite Total Grade 0.15 1.18 0.10 1.43 Proportion 10.49 82.52 6.99 100.00   Table 3 Zinc Phase Analysis (%) Phase Composition Zn in Sphalerite and Sphalerite Zn in Sphalerite Zn in Zinc Alum Zn in Silicates Total Grade 7.14 0.15 0.04 0.68 8.01 Proportion 89.14 1.87 0.50 8.49 100.00   From the results of multi-element analysis and phase analysis, it can be seen that the recovered elements in this mineral are mainly Pb and Zn. The content of CaO and MgO in the raw ore is relatively high. Through microscopic analysis, it is mainly dolomite with a small amount of calcite. The floatability of dolomite is similar to that of sphalerite, which makes it difficult to recover zinc oxide.     Mineral Processing Process Design   Through extensive flotation experiments, it has been found that dolomite and calcite have significant adverse interference on zinc oxide flotation, and the reagents cannot effectively interact with zinc oxide. In situations where the consumption of reagents is very high, it is also difficult for zinc oxide to be effectively floated. To address this issue, efficient zinc oxide collectors and efficient depressants for dolomite and calcite have been developed, optimizing the mineral processing technology. The specific beneficiation process involves grinding the material to -0.074mm, with a proportion of 75%. The first step is flotation of lead sulfide, and the second step is flotation of zinc oxide. Flotation of Lead Sulfide: In the lead flotation stage, a coarse selection is used, and the bottom stream of the coarse selection is fed into the sweeping operation. Collectors are added to the sweeping operation, and the tailings after three rounds of sweeping are the final tailings; The foam of roughing is fed into the cleaning operation, and three times of cleaning are carried out to obtain Lead concentrate products. Flotation of Zinc Oxide: The tailings from Lead Sulfide flotation are fed into Zinc Oxide flotation. Firstly, a gangue depressant is added, followed by the addition of sodium sulfide and a high-efficiency Zinc Oxide collector for Zinc Oxide coarse selection; The roughly selected bottom stream is fed into the sweeping operation, which adds sodium sulfide and Zinc Oxide high-efficiency collectors. The tailings after three rounds of sweeping are the final tailings; The foam of roughing is fed into the cleaning operation, and sodium sulfide + depressant is added into the cleaning operation. Three times of cleaning are carried out to obtain zinc oxide concentrate products.     Test Result   The analysis of the experimental results is shown in Table 4.   Table 4 Closed Circuit Test Results of the Whole Process (%) Product Name Productivity/% Grade/% Recovery Rate/% Pb Zn Pb Zn Lead Concentrate 2.01 55.66 3.48 78.30 0.87 Zinc Oxide Concentrate 17.83 0.75 38.15 9.36 84.49 Flotation Tailings 80.16 0.22 1.47 12.34 14.64 Raw Ore 100.00 1.43 8.05 100.00 100.00   The grade of Lead Concentrate obtained from closed-circuit testing is 55.66%, with a recovery rate of 78.30%; The grade of Zinc Oxide concentrate is 38.15% and the recovery rate is 84.49%.     Flotation Reagents Introduction   1) Efficient Zinc Oxide Collector YX300S: Zinc Oxide is an efficient collector with certain foaming properties, mainly used for the flotation of Zinc Carbonate and Sphalerite, which can effectively avoid the interference of mud gangue minerals on Zinc Oxide flotation. The flotation process is stable and the recovery of Zinc Oxide is good.       2) Gangue Depressant DZ063: a) selectively interacts with calcite and dolomite to form a hydrophilic film on their surface, preventing calcite and dolomite from reacting with bubbles or adhering to bubbles, avoiding their inclusion in Zinc Oxide concentrate products, and improving concentrate grade; b) Depressants have a strong dispersing effect, reducing the surface potential of minerals and increasing the electrostatic repulsion between mineral particles, avoiding the cover and adsorption of fine-grained gangue minerals on the surface of the target mineral. This allows collectors, frothers, etc. to effectively interact with the target mineral and improve the recovery rate of concentrate.         Conclusion   The final flotation process flow will be determined for the flotation test of Moroccan Zinc Oxide ore samples. The proportion of grinding fineness -0.074mm is 75%; The Lead flotation stage adopts one coarse selection, three fine selections, and three sweeping selections; The Zinc Oxide flotation stage adopts one coarse selection, three fine selections, and three sweeping selections. The grade of Lead concentrate obtained through closed-circuit testing is 55.66%, with a recovery rate of 78.30%; The grade of Zinc Oxide concentrate is 38.15% and the recovery rate is 84.49%.

Flotation Test Case---Gold Mine (Associated Carbon)     Project Background Introduction   This project is the original ore sample of a Russian Gold Mine. After crushing and mixing the ore samples, mineralogical analysis samples and mineral processing test samples were obtained respectively. The characteristics of mineral samples include various quartz metamorphic rocks containing sulfide mineralization, plagioclase schist, and sulfide mineralization inclusions represented by pyrite and arsenopyrite. The approximate chemical composition of the mineral samples is shown in Table 1, and the analysis of the main gangue minerals is shown in Table 2.   Table 1 Mineral Multi-Element Analysis No. Chemical Composition Content, %, g/T No. Chemical Composition Content, %, g/T 1 SiO2 67.00 10 S 1.86 2 Al2O3 14.40 11 As 0.35 3 TiO2 0.67 12 Sb 0.00 4 CaO 0.88 13 Zn 0.01 5 MnO 0.16 14 Pb 0.00 6 K2O 6.20 15 Total С 2.79 7 P2O5 0.09 16 Organic C 1.85 8 Total Fe 2.80 17 Au 1.35 9 Fe Oxide 0.78 18 Ag 1.67     Table 2 Analysis of Main Vein Minerals No. Mineral Name Content % 1 Quartz 37.95 2 Sodium Feldspar 17.20 3 Orthoclase 18.06 4 Mica 15.52 5 Iron Dolomite 8.18 6 Pyrite 3.09   From the results of multi-element analysis and gangue mineral analysis, it can be seen that the recovered elements in this mineral are mainly Au. The gangue mineral that affects the flotation of the target mineral is organic carbon.       Mineral Processing Process Design   Through extensive flotation experiments, it has been found that organic carbon has a significant impact on the flotation of Gold ore. Gold collectors and frothers are heavily adsorbed by organic carbon, resulting in a high consumption of reagents and a decrease in the recovery rate of Gold concentrate. At the same time, the viscosity of carbon containing foam is large, which has serious inclusion of fine mud and gangue minerals and affects the grade of Gold concentrate. The key to solve the problem is to design a reasonable flotation process, apply high-efficiency carbon depressant, foam refreshing frother and collector that is difficult to absorb gangue minerals. The specific beneficiation process first grinds the material to -0.074mm, accounting for 70.2%. The Gold flotation Ⅰ uses a rapid flotation to obtain the Gold concentrate product. The bottom stream of the rapid flotation is fed into the coarse selection, and the bottom stream of the coarse selection is fed into the sweeping operation. Collectors are added to the sweeping operation, and the tailings after three sweeps are the final tailings; The foam of roughing is fed into the cleaning operation, and a total of one cleaning is carried out to obtain gold concentrate product II. The two Gold concentrate products are merged into the final concentrate product.     Test Result   The analysis of the experimental results is shown in Table 3. Table 3 Closed Circuit Test Results of the Whole Process (%) Regime of Reagent Product Name Productivity (%) Grade, %, g/t Recovery Rate (%) Au org C Au org C No carbon depressant added Gold Concentrate Ⅰ 5.94 10.59 8.33 46.42 26.63 Gold Concentrate Ⅱ 5.06 8.55 5.68 31.92 15.46 Total Gold Concentrate 11.01 9.65 7.11 78.34 42.09 Tailing 88.99 0.33 1.21 21.66 57.91 Total 100.00 1.36 1.86 100.00 100.00 Carbon depressant added Gold Concentrate Ⅰ 2.77 24.51 3.25 50.83 4.92 Gold Concentrate Ⅱ 2.24 20.90 3.18 34.96 3.88 Total Gold Concentrate 5.01 22.90 3.22 85.79 8.80 Tailing 94.99 0.20 1.76 14.21 91.20 Total 100.00 1.34 1.83 185.79 108.80 The closed-circuit test results showed that the grade of the Gold concentrate obtained without adding carbon depressants was 9.65%, and the recovery rate was 78.34%; The grade of Gold concentrate obtained by adding carbon depressant is 22.90%, with a recovery rate of 85.79%; After adding depressants, the grade of Gold concentrate increased by 13.25% and the recovery rate increased by 7.45%.     Flotation Reagents Introduction 1) Collector YX3418A-1: This product has weak foaming ability, strong collection power, high metal enrichment ratio, and is suitable for both acidic and alkaline conditions. It is not easy to adsorb with argillaceous gangue minerals and can be used in Gold mines to effectively improve the grade and recovery rate of Gold concentrate; It can be used alone or as an auxiliary collector in combination with xanthate.     2) Carbon Depressant D486S: It is used to depress fine-grained carbon minerals such as graphite, organic carbon, and free carbon, and is widely used in the flotation of colored or precious metal ores such as Copper, Gold, Copper Gold, Lead Zinc, etc. By selectively targeting graphite, organic carbon, and free carbon, the surfaces of graphite, organic carbon, and free carbon are made strongly hydrophilic, avoiding graphite or organic carbon adsorbing reagents, competing to float, cover, or adsorb on the surface of the target mineral. This enables the target mineral to efficiently interact with the collector, achieving efficient recovery of the target mineral, effectively improving the grade and recovery rate of the target mineral concentrate, and reducing the amount of collector and frother used.       3) Frother Q92: This frother is widely used in sulfide ores containing organic carbon and talc. It has strong foaming performance. Because of its small foam viscosity, normal size distribution of foam diameter, low liquid carrying capacity, foam is fresh and not easy to be directly adsorbed with gangue minerals such as talc and organic carbon, which can effectively ensure the flotation recovery rate and improve the grade of concentrate.       Conclusion The final flotation process flow will be determined for the flotation test research of Russian Gold ore samples. The proportion of grinding fineness -0.074mm is 70.2%; The flotation process adopts one fast flotation, one coarse selection, three sweeping selections, and one fine selection. The grade of Gold concentrate obtained from closed-circuit testing under the optimal pharmaceutical system conditions is 22.90%, with a recovery rate of 85.79%.      

D431/D417, white powder. They are used to selectively restrain gangue which is easy to float especially Mica, Talc, Dolomite and so on. There is significant effect on improving the sorting of metallic mineral sand gangue minerals.   SAFETY AND HANDLING Make different solution 0.5-1%, then add to agitator for flotation operation. The product can be mixed and used together with other types of depressant.

Why do we strongly suggest our patented reagent? Y&X patented reagent is specially for complex and hard beneficiation ores, which has several features as below:   First, good selectivity for sulfur. Copper ore is generally associated with sulfur, and ordinary xanthate has poor selectivity for sulfur, so it is easy to collect sulfur and copper together, resulting in the decline of concentrate grade. The collector with good selectivity for sulfur can only collect copper, without sulfur, so the concentrate grade is very high.   Second, improving the recovery rate of precious metals in copper concentrate. Copper is usually associated with gold and silver, that means, copper and precious metals should be collected and sulfur should be restrained. Ordinary xanthate has strong sulfur collecting ability, which will lead to low concentrate grade. At this time, our special reagent is a better choice.   Third, excellent collector for copper molybdenum mixed flotation. In view of the molybdenum content in some copper ores, many inhibitors are usually used in the beneficiation process, so that will be difficult to separate molybdenum. Our inhibitor can ensure the recovery of copper and molybdenum.

Carbon Inhibitor (flotation depressant): It is mainly used in the case of non-ferrous metal ore containing carbon, fine-grained graphite and cryptocrystalline graphite. It can effectively restrain the carbon bearing minerals into the tailings, avoid the adverse interference to the flotation, and improve the concentrate grade and recovery. Usage: prepare 2% concentration solution, add it as inhibitor to flotation process, and the dosage is 100-500g/ton.     Case: (1) In a copper mine in Sichuan, the grade of raw copper is 0.8% and the carbon content is 6%. By adding the inhibitor 400 g/T, the grade of copper concentrate is increased from 17% to 22%, and the recovery rate is increased from 85% to 91%, which greatly improves the profitability;   (2) In a gold mine, the raw ore contains about 2.8 g/T of gold and 3% of carbon. By adding 250 g/T of the inhibitor, the grade of gold concentrate is increased from 20 g/T to 45 g/T, the gold flotation speed is greatly improved, and the flotation process is reduced from five sweeps to three sweeps, which effectively reduces the power cost and has obvious economic benefits.     Metal ores contain more carbon or aphanitic graphite, so this inhibitor can also be used.