China Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. Company News

Collins also discussed potential cooperation opportunities in the field of renewable energy and praised Derbyswana's efforts in sustainable development practices. This is in line with the strategic partnership between the UK and Botswana, which aims to promote economic development, environmental sustainability and social progress.   According to MiningWeekly, Raymond Edward Harry Collins, Baron Highbury, the British Secretary of State for African Affairs, recently visited the Jwaneng diamond mine operated by Debswana during his visit to Botswana.   The visit highlighted the strategic importance of the partnership between the UK and Botswana.   During the inspection, Collins had in-depth exchanges with Andrew Motsomi, the manager of Debusswana Company. Motsumi stated that the 55 year history of Derbyswana Company is built on safe, efficient, responsible, and ethical diamond mining.   He emphasized the company's contribution to Botswana's economy, including promoting infrastructure, health care and education development.   Motsumi also provided a detailed introduction to the production and operation situation, challenges faced by the company, and development opportunities in the past year.   "We are proud of our long-term commitment to responsible mining practices and our contribution to Botswana's economic and social development. The focus of our work is still to ensure that the communities we serve can feel the benefits of the mine, and we are also constantly exploring new opportunities to enhance our influence," Motsomi said.   Collins expressed admiration for Debusswana's ESG practices and noted the company's efforts to sustain economic activities beyond diamond mining.   These initiatives are critical to Botswana's long-term economic stability and growth.   Collins also discussed potential cooperation opportunities in the field of renewable energy and praised Derbyswana's efforts in sustainable development practices.   This is in line with the strategic partnership between the UK and Botswana, which aims to promote economic development, environmental sustainability and social progress.   While Derbyswana is making every effort to get rid of the downturn in the diamond market, Collins' investigation and visit to the Juwaneng diamond mine will help deepen the bilateral relations between the United Kingdom and Botswana.     Article source: https://geoglobal.mnr.gov.cn/zx/kczygl/zcdt/202501/t20250122_9238225.htm  

According to MiningWeekly, international mining giant Rio Tinto announced a decline in production at its iron mines in the Pilbara region for the fourth quarter and full year of 2024, due to resource depletion and unusually heavy rainfall. The increase in productivity has not fully offset these impacts.   Rio Tinto's fourth quarter and full year iron ore production were 74.2 million tons and 284.6 million tons, respectively, with a decrease of 1%.   On the contrary, the copper production situation is completely different. Due to the increase in production at the Oyu Tolgoi underground copper mine in Mongolia and the Escondida copper mine in Chile, offsetting the impact of production interruptions caused by unstable slopes at the Kennecott copper mine in the United States, the company's production has significantly increased.   The copper production in the fourth quarter was 202000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 26%; The annual output was 697000 tons, an increase of 13%.   The company's bauxite production has increased, with a slight increase in aluminum products.     Original source:https://www.worldmr.net/Industry/IndustryList/Info/2025-01-20/308290.shtml

According to the official website of the Peruvian Ministry of Mines (MINEM), it has recently announced that 11 large-scale mining projects are expected to enter the construction phase between 2025 and 2026, including the Reposici ó n Antamina, Corani, Reposici ó n Raura, Reposici ó n Tantahuatay, Chalcobamba Fase I, Ampliaci ó n Huanapet í, Romina, and Tiamaria projects. The Zapranal project, the Pampa de Pongo project, and the Trapiche project.   Jorge Montero Cornejo, the Minister of Energy and Mines of Peru, stated that 11 mining projects are expected to have a total investment of over 8 billion US dollars, located in the regions of Á ncash, Puno, Hu á nuco, Cajamarca, Apur í mac, Lima, and Arequipa.   Minister Cornejo stated that achieving the goal requires the efforts of all Peruvians; Peru is a mining powerhouse with a thousand year history of precious metal production, which can be traced back to the origin of civilization; Nowadays, Peru has become one of the major producers of mineral products worldwide and an attractive country for mining investors. Minister Cornejo pointed out that the mining industry is an activity that promotes national development and helps drive progress, enabling millions of Peruvians to access basic services such as water, sanitation, education, and opportunities that any Peruvian citizen is entitled to. The Peruvian Ministry of Energy and Mines will promote exploration investment to find new resources that can supply the global market; Nowadays, the energy transition driven by large economies has led to a high demand for minerals in the global market. It emphasizes that increasing exploration investment can increase new reserves of zinc, lead, and lithium, which will help consolidate Peru's position as a producer of polymetallic minerals. Minister Corneho stated that he hopes to help revitalize projects that bring benefits to the country and firmly believes that mining is the engine of economic development and a provider of important projects.   Original source:https://www.worldmr.net/Industry/IndustryList/Info/2025-01-16/308203.shtml

UK and Indonesia Sign Critical Minerals Agreement Mining.com reported on September 18 that the British Embassy in Indonesia has announced a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the UK and Indonesia on critical minerals cooperation. The agreement focuses on fostering policy dialogue, sharing technical expertise, and exchanging professional experience in areas such as the resilience of critical mineral supply chains, sustainable upstream and downstream processing, and crisis management in the mineral sector. Notably, two months ago, the United States announced Indonesia's participation in the Mineral Security Partnership (MSP), aimed at accelerating the development of sustainable critical mineral supply chains. The signing of this MoU marks both nations' commitment to becoming key players in the global critical minerals supply chain.   India Expands Critical Minerals Exploration in Latin America MiningWeekly reported on September 18 that India's Minister of Mines, V.L. Kansa Rao, stated that the state-owned Coal India Limited is actively exploring critical minerals in Argentina and is in talks with the Chilean government regarding lithium resource cooperation. In June, Coal India began lithium exploration activities in Argentina in collaboration with a U.S. company, as part of India's strategy to secure battery materials within the MSP framework led by the United States. Additionally, the state-owned KABIL (Khanij Bidesh India Limited) is exploring critical minerals in Australia and has received approval to conduct non-invasive, "green" exploration in Argentina.   UN Releases Guidelines on Critical Minerals for Energy Transition Reuters reported on September 17 that the United Nations has launched its Fair and Just Guidelines for Critical Minerals Driving the Energy Transition. The report outlines pathways to achieve a just and equitable renewable energy revolution, promoting sustainable development, human rights, environmental protection, and prosperity for resource-rich developing nations. In April, UN Secretary-General António Guterres established a special expert group to develop recommendations and guidelines to help governments and mining companies secure energy transition minerals while safeguarding human rights, justice, and fairness. The group recommends establishing a high-level expert advisory panel within the UN to convene stakeholders for policy dialogue on economic issues across the mineral value chain. The guidelines also advocate for a global system of traceability, transparency, and accountability, and propose a fund to address historical environmental issues such as abandoned or orphaned mines. The group further suggests empowering artisanal and small-scale miners to become key contributors to development, environmental governance, and human rights protection, promoting material efficiency and recycling.   Canada Invests Over CAD 8 Million to Boost Critical Minerals Recycling in Ontario According to the website of the Canadian Ministry of Natural Resources on September 15, the Canadian government has allocated CAD 8.4 million to support critical mineral recycling technologies in Ontario, aiding the electric vehicle supply chain. The funding will promote the development of a circular economy for rare earth elements used in permanent magnets and the recycling of graphite for lithium-ion batteries. Cyclic Materials will receive CAD 4.9 million to build a demonstration plant that will produce high-purity rare earth oxides and cobalt-nickel hydroxide products using recycled materials. Green Graphite Technologies (GGT) will receive CAD 3.5 million to advance its GraphRenew technology, which converts used graphite into reusable material.

Modifiers are agents used to adjust the action of collectors and the conditions of the flotation medium. They include activators that promote the interaction between collectors and the particles of unwanted minerals, pH modifiers that adjust the pH of the medium, depressants that inhibit the floatability of non-target particles, dispersants that maintain unwanted fine particles in a dispersed state, and flocculants that encourage target fine particles to agglomerate into larger clusters.   Modifiers are one type of flotation reagent used to modify the surface properties of minerals and the characteristics of the slurry (such as the composition of the liquid phase, frothing performance, foam properties, etc.), improving the selectivity and conditions of the flotation process. Based on their primary function in the flotation process, modifiers can be classified into depressants, activators, pH modifiers, flocculants, and others.   What is the Classification of Modifiers? Modifiers can be categorized into five types:   1. pH Modifiers These reagents are used to regulate the pH of the slurry, controlling the surface characteristics of minerals, the chemical composition of the slurry, and the conditions of other reagents, thereby improving flotation performance. In cyanidation processes, pH regulation is also necessary. Common pH modifiers include lime, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid. In gold extraction, lime and sulfuric acid are the most commonly used modifiers.   2. Activators Activators enhance the interaction between minerals and collectors, allowing difficult-to-float minerals to be activated and float. For example, sodium sulfide is used to activate gold-bearing lead and copper oxide ores, which are then floated using collectors such as xanthates.   Click the image below to get more details of our activators! 3. Depressants Depressants increase the hydrophilicity of minerals and prevent them from interacting with collectors, thereby inhibiting their floatability. For instance, lime is used to depress pyrite in preferential flotation, while zinc sulfate and cyanide are used to depress sphalerite. Silicates, such as sodium silicate (water glass), are used to depress silicate gangue minerals, while organic substances like starch and tannin are used to achieve selective flotation separation of polymetallic ores.   4. Flocculants Flocculants cause fine mineral particles to aggregate into larger particles, accelerating their settling rate in water. Selective flocculation can be used for flocculation and de-sliming, or for flocculation and flotation. Common flocculants include polyacrylamide and starch.   Click the image below to get more details of our flocculant!   5. Dispersants Dispersants prevent fine mineral particles from agglomerating, maintaining them in a monomeric state, opposite in function to flocculants. Common dispersants include sodium silicate and phosphates.   What are the Functions of Modifiers? In the mineral processing process, flotation is the method of concentrating minerals by taking advantage of the natural differences in hydrophobicity between different minerals in the ground ore slurry. For effective separation of minerals in finely ground ore, reagents must be added to the slurry, which is then agitated and aerated. Minerals that attach to air bubbles float to the surface, while non-floating minerals remain in the slurry, leading to mineral concentration. The reagents used in flotation, apart from collectors and frothers, are collectively referred to as modifiers.   The function of modifiers is to adjust the interaction between collectors and minerals, either promoting or inhibiting their floatability, and to regulate the pH and ionic composition of the slurry.   Conclusion In summary, modifiers play a crucial role in the flotation process by modifying the surface properties of minerals and optimizing the conditions within the slurry. Whether it's adjusting pH levels, activating certain minerals, or inhibiting others, modifiers enhance the selectivity and efficiency of mineral separation. Understanding the various types and functions of modifiers is essential for optimizing flotation processes and achieving desired mineral recovery rates. By carefully selecting and applying these agents, operators can significantly improve the overall performance and economic outcomes of mineral processing operations.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in delivering comprehensive mineral processing solutions for both metallic and non-metallic ores, with a focus on environmentally sustainable and highly efficient reagents. With extensive experience in treating ores such as copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, and magnesium, as well as rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we provide customized solutions that cater to the specific needs of your ore and production environment. Our goal is to optimize customer outcomes through advanced beneficiation techniques and premium reagents. Y&X is committed to offering complete mineral processing solutions and looks forward to a fruitful partnership with you.

To enhance the selectivity of the flotation process, strengthen the effect of collectors and frothers, reduce the mutual inclusion of useful mineral components, and improve the conditions of the flotation pulp, regulators are commonly used in the flotation process. Flotation regulators include many reagents, and they can be classified into depressants, activators, pH modifiers, defoamers, flocculants, and dispersants based on their roles in the flotation process.   Activators are a type of flotation reagent that enhances the adsorption capacity of minerals on collectors. The activation mechanisms include: (1)Forming an insoluble activation film on the mineral surface that readily interacts with collectors; (2)Creating active sites on the mineral surface that readily interact with collectors; (3)Removing hydrophilic films from the mineral surface to enhance the floatability of the mineral surface; (4)Eliminating metal ions in the slurry that hinder the flotation of target minerals.   Copper sulfate activators are important activators.   Properties and Classification of Copper Sulfate Activators The role of copper sulfate activators in mineral flotation primarily involves altering the chemical properties of the mineral surface to enhance its flotation performance. Here's how it works:   1. Chemical Reaction: Copper sulfate (CuSO₄) acts as an activator in the flotation process, primarily to promote the flotation of certain minerals. It reacts with the mineral surface, especially with sulfide minerals such as pyrite and sphalerite, forming copper ions (Cu²⁺) and other compounds. These copper ions can bond with the sulfides on the mineral surface, altering the chemical properties of the mineral surface.   2. Changing Surface Properties: The addition of copper sulfate creates a new chemical environment on the mineral surface, altering its hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. For example, copper ions can make the mineral surface more hydrophobic, increasing its ability to attach to air bubbles during flotation. This occurs because copper sulfate reacts with the sulfides on the mineral surface, thereby altering the surface charge and hydrophilicity of the mineral.   3. Enhancing Selectivity: Copper sulfate can increase the selectivity of the flotation process by activating the flotation of specific minerals. For certain minerals, it can significantly improve their flotation rate and recovery. This is because activation makes the mineral surface more prone to combining with flotation reagents (such as collectors), thereby enhancing the efficiency of the flotation process.   4. Promoting Collector Adsorption: By altering the surface properties of minerals, copper sulfate can promote the adsorption of flotation collectors (such as xanthates and dithiophosphates). This promotion enables collectors to more effectively bind to the mineral surface, enhancing the collecting capacity and selectivity of the flotation process.   In summary, copper sulfate, as an activator in mineral flotation, primarily works by altering the chemical properties of the mineral surface, increasing its hydrophobicity, and promoting collector adsorption, thereby improving the flotation performance and selectivity of the mineral.   Y&X's Copper Sulfate (CuSO₄) is a powerful activator for sulfide ores like sphalerite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, ensuring efficient and selective flotation in your mining processes. Want to know more? Please click the image below!   Applications of Copper Sulfate Activators Copper sulfate has a wide range of applications in mineral flotation. A classic example is in the flotation of copper ores. In the processing of copper ores, copper sulfate is often used to activate pyrite, enhancing its flotation performance with collectors such as xanthates. Through the action of copper sulfate, the surface of pyrite becomes more amenable to the adsorption of collectors, thereby improving the recovery rate and flotation efficiency of copper ores. Another example is the flotation of lead-zinc ores, where copper sulfate is used to activate sphalerite, improving its performance in the flotation process. These applications underscore the importance of copper sulfate as an activator in mineral flotation.     Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a trusted provider of comprehensive beneficiation solutions for metal and non-metallic mines, focusing on environmentally friendly and highly efficient reagents. Leveraging our extensive expertise in processing a variety of ores, including copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, as well as rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores such as bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we craft tailored solutions to meet the unique requirements of your ore and production conditions. Our mission is to maximize customer benefits through cutting-edge beneficiation techniques and top-quality reagents. Y&X is dedicated to delivering end-to-end beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful collaboration with you.

Author: Y&X     In the evolving field of mineral processing, efficiency and innovation are essential. Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. has responded to this trend by developing a new generation of high-efficiency flotation reagents, specifically tailored for ilmenite and spodumene ores. These reagents not only improve mineral recovery rates and concentrate grades but also offer environmentally friendly alternatives that help reduce operational costs and minimize ecological impact. In this article, we discuss the benefits and features of Y&X's flotation reagents and how they contribute to the beneficiation of these critical minerals. Discover how our solutions can enhance your mineral processing operations, supporting both productivity and sustainability in today's market.   What are the Advantages of Y&X's New Generation Ilmenite Collectors? Through continuous technological research and innovation, we have successfully developed a new generation of ilmenite flotation reagents with the following remarkable advantages: High Recovery Rate and Selectivity: The synergistic effect of multiple components ensures stable flotation froth with minimal entrainment, balancing recovery rate and selectivity. This results in the efficient recovery of target minerals, maximizing both economic benefits for enterprises.   Reduced Recleaning and Sulfuric Acid Consumption: Special components enable selective collection of ilmenite, reducing the number of recleaning steps, simplifying the process, and lowering production costs. For example, in the case of an ilmenite ore with a grade of 15% from Sichuan, using conventional collectors requires four recleaning steps, with the slurry pH adjusted to 1-2, to obtain a concentrate with a grade exceeding 46.5%. However, with our company's new Y&X ilmenite collector, only two recleaning steps are needed, with the slurry pH adjusted to 3-4, to achieve a concentrate grade exceeding 46.5%. This not only reduces ilmenite losses during recleaning but also significantly improves production efficiency.   Non-Toxic and Easily Degradable: All components of the collectors are made from non-toxic, biodegradable materials, reducing the pollution of flotation reagents to water bodies and preventing the excessive accumulation of flotation reagents in recycled water, which can deteriorate production indicators.   How Does Y&X's New Generation High-Efficiency Spodumene Flotation Reagent Effectively Address Market Challenges? Driven by the global energy revolution, the demand for lithium has rapidly increased. As one of the primary sources of lithium, the recovery technology of spodumene has attracted significant attention in the mineral processing community. In response to the numerous challenges faced by traditional spodumene flotation reagents in improving recovery rates and concentrate grades, Y&X has developed a new generation of spodumene flotation reagents. These reagents not only significantly enhance the recovery rate and grade of spodumene but also reduce the environmental impact during the beneficiation process, helping enterprises achieve a win-win situation in terms of production efficiency and sustainable development. What are the Features of Y&X's New Spodumene Collectors? Excellent Collecting Performance: After extensive testing and optimization, the new spodumene collectors rapidly form strong bonds with the active sites on the spodumene surface, increasing the hydrophobicity of mineral particles. The froth is stable and non-sticky, resulting in efficient mineral flotation and maximum lithium recovery.   Wide Ore Adaptability: Whether dealing with low-grade spodumene ores or complex polymetallic ores, the new collectors demonstrate excellent adaptability and stability, maintaining superior collecting performance under various ore conditions, ensuring high efficiency and stability in the beneficiation process.   Eco-Friendly and Easily Degradable: These reagents minimize pollution to water bodies and prevent excessive accumulation of flotation reagents in recycled water, which could otherwise lead to the deterioration of production indicators. Learn more   Summary Through ongoing technological research and innovation, Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. has introduced a new generation of high-efficiency flotation reagents specifically designed to tackle the challenges in the beneficiation of ilmenite and spodumene. These new reagents not only significantly improve mineral recovery rates and concentrate grades but also reduce production costs and environmental impact. For ilmenite, our reagents offer high selectivity and stability, reducing the number of recleaning steps and sulfuric acid usage. For spodumene, the new collectors exhibit excellent collecting performance and broad ore adaptability, helping enterprises address market challenges and achieve efficient and sustainable production.   As a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is committed to offering high-efficiency, environmentally friendly flotation reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, palladium, and other rare metals, as well as bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we provide customized solutions to ensure maximum benefits for our customers. Y&X looks forward to a successful partnership with you in achieving beneficiation excellence.  

  1. Grinding Fineness Test The exposure of monomer gold or bare gold surface is a prerequisite for cyanide leaching or new non-toxic leaching methods. Increasing the grinding fineness appropriately can enhance the leaching rate. However, over-grinding not only raises milling costs but also increases the likelihood of leachable impurities entering the leach solution, leading to the loss of cyanide or leaching agents and dissolved gold. To determine the appropriate grinding fineness, a grinding fineness test must be conducted first.   2. Pretreatment Agent Selection Test Gold ore leaching often requires pretreatment agent selection tests. Common agents like calcium peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, citric acid, and lead nitrate are compared with conventional methods where no pretreatment agent is used, aiming to determine if pretreatment is necessary. Calcium peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium peroxide are stable and widely used multifunctional inorganic peroxides, characterized by prolonged oxygen release, which helps improve gold leaching rates in leach slurry. Hydrogen peroxide and citric acid supply sufficient oxygen during the leaching process as the main oxygen-generating agents. Lead nitrate’s lead ions (in appropriate amounts) can destroy the passivation film on gold during cyanide leaching, speeding up gold dissolution, reducing cyanidation time, and increasing the leaching rate.   3. Protective Alkali and Lime Dosage Test To stabilize the sodium cyanide solution or non-toxic leaching agents and minimize chemical losses, a suitable amount of alkali must be added to the leach to maintain a certain slurry alkalinity. Within a certain range, as alkali concentration increases, the gold leaching rate remains constant while the leaching agent dosage decreases accordingly. However, excessive alkalinity slows gold dissolution and reduces the leaching rate, necessitating determining the optimal alkali dosage and slurry pH. In tests and production, widely available and low-cost lime is usually used as the leaching protective alkali. This helps determine the specific dosage needed for practical production.   4. Leaching Agent Dosage Test In the gold leaching process, the leaching agent dosage is directly proportional to the gold leaching rate within a certain range. However, excessively high dosages not only raise production costs but also have little impact on further increasing the leaching rate. Therefore, based on the grinding fineness test, a leaching agent dosage test is conducted to determine the optimal dosage, further lowering agent consumption and production costs.   Click here to get more details of low-toxic cyanide alternative YX500!      5. Leaching Time Test To achieve high leaching rates, extending leaching time is a common practice, allowing complete gold dissolution and maximizing leaching efficiency. As leaching time increases, the gold leaching rate gradually rises until it stabilizes. However, prolonged leaching time also dissolves and accumulates other impurities in the slurry, hindering gold dissolution. A leaching time test is conducted to determine the optimal duration. 6. Slurry Concentration Test During leaching, the slurry concentration directly affects the gold leaching rate and speed. Higher concentrations result in higher viscosity and lower fluidity, reducing both the gold leaching rate and speed. Conversely, too low a concentration increases leaching efficiency but also necessitates larger equipment and higher investment, while proportionally increasing reagent dosages and production costs. A slurry concentration test is conducted to determine the optimal leach slurry concentration.   7. Activated Carbon Pretreatment Test For the carbon-in-leach (CIL) method, hard and wear-resistant activated carbon must be used to avoid fine carbon particles entering the tailings due to abrasion during stirring, leading to gold loss and reduced recovery rates. The test typically uses coconut shell activated carbon with a particle size of 6-40 mesh. The pretreatment conditions involve a water-to-carbon ratio of 5:1, stirring for 4 hours at 1700 RPM. The carbon is then screened using 6-mesh and 16-mesh sieves, removing fine particles below 16 mesh. The selected carbon (6-16 mesh) is used for carbon leaching and adsorption tests.   8. Base Carbon Density Test In gold ore leaching tests, 6-16 mesh coconut shell activated carbon is usually selected to adsorb and recover dissolved gold, yielding gold-loaded carbon, which is then subjected to mature carbon desorption and electrowinning to produce finished gold. The base carbon density directly impacts adsorption efficiency. A base carbon density test is conducted to determine the optimal density.   9. Carbon Adsorption Time Test To determine the appropriate carbon leaching (adsorption) time and minimize wear on gold-loaded carbon, a pre-leaching and carbon leaching (adsorption) time test is needed after determining the total leaching time.   10. Comprehensive Carbon Leaching Process Test To verify the stability of the carbon leaching process and the reproducibility of test results, a comprehensive parallel test of the entire carbon leaching process is conducted. After determining the optimal conditions in the above nine tests, the final integrated validation test is performed. This completes a full-scale test study for carbon slurry leaching in gold ore processing. Depending on actual production needs, additional tests may include tailings (barren solution) recycling trials or measuring carbon leaching residue settling rates.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.  

On August 12, South African gold developer Gold Fields Limited announced that it had reached a definitive agreement with Canadian TSX-listed company Osisko Mining to acquire all of Osisko's common shares for CAD 2.16 billion (approximately USD 1.57 billion). This acquisition would give Gold Fields full ownership of the Windfall Gold Project in Quebec, which is currently equally co-owned by both companies.   This acquisition represents the latest move in diversifying the Johannesburg-headquartered company's operations outside its home country. Two years ago, Gold Fields attempted to acquire another Canadian gold mining company, Yamana Gold, but was unsuccessful.     About Gold Fields Limited Gold Fields is a globally diversified gold producer with nine mines in Australia, South Africa, Ghana, Chile, and Peru, and one project in Canada. In 2023, the company's total annual gold equivalent production was 2.3 million ounces (71.5 tons). It has gold ore reserves of 46.1 million ounces (1,434 tons), proven and probable gold mineral reserves of 46.1Moz, measured and indicated gold mineral resources (excluding ore reserves) of 31.1 million ounces (967 tons), and inferred gold mineral resources of 11.2 million ounces (348 tons).   About Osisko Osisko is a mineral exploration company focused on the acquisition, exploration, and development of precious metal resource assets in Canada. Osisko holds a 50% interest in the high-grade Windfall Gold Project located between Val-d'Or and Chibougamau in Quebec and a 50% interest in large land packages in the surrounding Urban Barry area and nearby Quévillon region.   Transaction Overview Gold Fields has agreed to acquire Osisko's shares for CAD 4.90 per share in an all-cash deal. This offer values Osisko's fully diluted equity at approximately CAD 2.16 billion (USD 1.57 billion), with an enterprise value of CAD 1.48 billion (USD 1.08 billion), representing a 55% premium to Osisko's 20-day volume-weighted average trading price.   Upon completion of the transaction, Gold Fields will consolidate Osisko's 50% partnership interest, obtaining full ownership and control of the Windfall Project and its entire exploration area. This will eliminate Gold Fields' existing CAD 300 million deferred cash payment and CAD 75 million exploration obligation, which were part of the Windfall joint venture agreement reached with Osisko in May 2023. At that time, Gold Fields paid CAD 60 million to acquire a 50% stake in the Windfall Project and established a joint venture with Osisko. The increased transaction price is influenced by multiple factors, including rising gold prices, increased investment, an additional 160,000 meters of drilling, and the inclusion of the Bonterra project, which is expected to add more resources through joint venture earning.     The transaction requires approval from at least two-thirds of the votes cast at Osisko's shareholder meeting and a simple majority of votes from Osisko shareholders (excluding certain related parties). The shareholder meeting is expected to take place in October 2024. The boards of both companies have unanimously approved and support the transaction, with Osisko's board recommending that shareholders vote in favor.   The arrangement agreement contains customary deal protection provisions, including a non-solicitation covenant by Osisko and a fiduciary out provision in favor of Osisko. Additionally, the agreement provides for a CAD 108 million termination fee payable by Osisko if it accepts a superior proposal or in certain other circumstances. Both Osisko and the acquirer have made customary representations, warranties, and covenants in the arrangement agreement, including covenants regarding Osisko's conduct of business prior to closing.   The transaction will be implemented through a Canadian plan of arrangement. If it receives Osisko shareholder approval and all required regulatory and court approvals, it is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2024.     Gold Fields CEO Mike Fraser welcomed the deal: "We are delighted to consolidate the remaining 50% interest in Windfall and its highly prospective exploration area. Deposits of this scale and quality, combined with a highly promising exploration zone, are exceptionally rare. Since May 2023, we have co-owned this project and conducted prior due diligence, gaining a deep understanding of Windfall and its potential, and we view it as the next long-life cornerstone asset in our portfolio. This acquisition aligns with our strategy to enhance portfolio quality by investing in high-quality, long-life assets like Windfall. It provides us with an opportunity to solidify our presence in Quebec (a Tier 1 mining jurisdiction) and leverage our expertise in greenfield exploration, project development, and underground mining."   Osisko CEO John Burzynski commented: "This premium transaction represents strong short-term returns for our shareholders and reflects the truly world-class nature of the Windfall Project. Over the course of nine years, we have developed Windfall into one of the largest and highest-grade gold development projects globally, and this transaction validates the extraordinary entrepreneurial spirit of the Osisko team. Gold Fields is a globally diversified senior gold producer with an impressive track record of successfully building and operating mines. As our joint venture partner at Windfall, Gold Fields has a deep understanding of this asset and recognizes the importance of the strong relationships we have established with all stakeholders in Quebec. Additionally, Gold Fields shares our core values of operating in a safe, inclusive, and socially responsible manner. They are well-positioned to bring Windfall into production, and we wish them every success in the future."

Flotation reagents play a crucial role in mineral processing, helping to regulate and control the flotation behavior of minerals. The most common reagents include collectors, frothers, regulators, and depressants. Below is a detailed overview of some frequently used flotation reagents:   1. Collectors Collectors enhance the hydrophobicity of mineral surfaces, increasing the attachment of mineral particles to air bubbles during flotation.   Xanthates Chemical Properties: Xanthates are salts of dithiocarbonates, commonly including ethyl xanthate (C2H5OCS2Na) and isopropyl xanthate (C3H7OCS2Na). Features: Strong collecting power but low selectivity, mainly used for sulfide minerals. Applications: Suitable for the flotation of copper, lead, and zinc ores. Data: In copper flotation, the dosage of ethyl xanthate ranges from 30-100 g/t, with recovery rates exceeding 90%.   Click here to know more: Dithiophosphates Chemical Properties: Dithiophosphates are salts of dithiophosphoric acid, such as sodium diethyl dithiophosphate (NaO2PS2(C2H5)2). Features: Good balance between selectivity and collecting power, effective for sulfide ores of copper, lead, and zinc. Applications: Used in the flotation of gold, silver, and copper ores. Data: In gold ore flotation, dithiophosphates are applied at 20-80 g/t, achieving recovery rates above 85%.   Carboxylates Chemical Properties: Carboxylates contain carboxylic acid groups, such as sodium oleate (C18H33NaO2). Features: Suitable for oxidized and non-metallic mineral flotation. Applications: Used in the flotation of hematite, ilmenite, and apatite. Data: In apatite flotation, sodium oleate is applied at concentrations of 50-150 g/t, with recovery rates around 75%.   2. Frothers Frothers promote the formation of stable and uniform bubbles during flotation, aiding in the attachment and separation of mineral particles.   Pine Oil Chemical Properties: Composed mainly of terpene compounds, offering excellent frothing capability. Features: Strong frothing ability with good bubble stability. Applications: Widely used for both sulfide and non-metallic minerals. Data: In copper flotation, pine oil dosage is typically 10-50 g/t.   Butanol Chemical Properties: An alcohol compound with moderate frothing properties. Features: Provides balanced frothing ability with stable foam. Applications: Suitable for the flotation of copper, lead, and zinc minerals. Data: In lead flotation, butanol is used at 5-20 g/t.   Click here to know more:   Y&X’s frother Q80 is characterized by several key features that make it an attractive choice for mineral processing: MIBC Substitute: It serves as a practical replacement for MIBC, commonly used in the industry. Non-Hazardous: Its non-hazardous nature ensures a safer working environment and easier compliance with regulatory standards.   3. Regulators Regulators adjust the pH of the slurry, inhibit or activate mineral surfaces, enhancing flotation selectivity.   Lime Chemical Properties: Mainly composed of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), used to control slurry pH. Features: Can adjust slurry pH to a range of 10-12. Applications: Extensively used in the flotation of copper, lead, and zinc ores. Data: In copper flotation, lime is applied at concentrations of 500-2000 g/t.   Copper Sulfate Chemical Properties: Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is a strong oxidizer commonly used as an activator for sulfide minerals. Features: Exhibits significant activation effects, particularly for pyrite flotation. Applications: Used in the activation of copper, lead, and zinc ores. Data: In lead flotation, copper sulfate is used at 50-200 g/t.   Click here to know more: 4. Depressants Depressants suppress the flotation activity of certain minerals, enabling selective separation.   Sodium Silicate Chemical Properties: Sodium silicate is a compound containing silicates with dispersing and inhibiting properties. Features: Effectively inhibits gangue minerals. Applications: Applied in the flotation of copper, lead, and zinc ores to depress gangue minerals. Data: In copper flotation, sodium silicate is used at concentrations of 100-500 g/t.   Sodium Sulfide Chemical Properties: Sodium sulfide (Na2S) is a strong reducing agent commonly used to depress oxidized minerals. Features: Highly effective in suppressing oxidation in copper minerals. Applications: Used in the flotation of oxidized copper, lead, and zinc minerals. Data: In oxidized copper flotation, sodium sulfide is applied at 50-150 g/t.   Flotation reagents come in many varieties, each with specific chemical properties and applications. Selecting and combining suitable reagents can significantly enhance flotation efficiency and product quality. Practical application requires choosing the optimal reagents and dosages based on ore characteristics, process requirements, and economic considerations.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in efficient, eco-friendly reagents for metal and non-metal ore beneficiation. With extensive experience in ores like copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, palladium, bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized, advanced solutions to maximize your benefits. Committed to providing one-stop beneficiation services, we look forward to a successful partnership with you.