China Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. Company News

  The method of extracting gold from ores is determined by the type and properties of the ore. Generally, gold ores are categorized into two types based on their adaptability to cyanidation: easily leachable ores and difficult-to-leach ores. Difficult-to-leach gold ores are those that cannot be effectively leached using conventional cyanidation methods, even after fine grinding. Some authors define difficult-to-leach gold ores as those with a cyanide leaching recovery rate of less than 80% after fine grinding. In English, "refractory gold ores" can also be translated as "difficult-to-process gold ores," "difficult-to-leach gold ores," or "recalcitrant gold ores," but the term "difficult-to-leach gold ores" is the most accurate based on its definition.     There are multiple reasons why some gold ores are difficult to leach, encompassing physical, chemical, and mineralogical factors. These reasons can be summarized into five main categories:   1. Physical Encapsulation: Gold particles are often finely disseminated or submicroscopic within sulfide minerals (such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite) or silicate minerals (like quartz). They can also be present within the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals. Such encapsulated gold is difficult to liberate even with fine grinding, preventing contact with cyanide during the leaching process.   2. Consumption of Oxygen and Cyanide by Other Minerals: Ores often contain sulfide and oxide minerals of metals such as arsenic, copper, antimony, iron, manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. These minerals have high solubility in alkaline cyanide solutions, consuming significant amounts of cyanide and dissolved oxygen, and forming various cyanide complexes and thiocyanate (SCN-). This negatively affects the leaching process. The most important oxygen-consuming minerals are pyrrhotite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite, while the most significant cyanide-consuming minerals are arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, stibnite, and galena.   3. Surface Passivation of Gold Particles: During ore oxidation, the surface of gold particles in contact with cyanide pulp may form films such as sulfide films, peroxide films (e.g., calcium peroxide film), oxide films, and insoluble cyanide films. These films cause surface passivation of gold, significantly reducing the oxidation and leaching rates of gold particles. When sulfide minerals are present in the ore, the dissolution of gold can be hindered in various ways. One explanation is that soluble sulfides (S2- or HS-) produced by mineral dissolution can react with gold to form a sulfide film, passivating the gold surface. Another theory is that a dynamic reduction couple forms on the sulfide surface, leading to the formation of a dense cyanide complex film on the gold particles, thus passivating them.     4. "Robbing" Effect by Carbonaceous Materials: Ores often contain carbonaceous materials (such as activated carbon, graphite, and humic acid) and clays that can adsorb gold. These materials can preferentially adsorb gold-cyanide complexes during cyanide leaching, causing a "robbing" effect, which results in gold losses in the cyanide tailings and severely impacts gold recovery.   5. Presence of Insoluble Gold Compounds: In some ores, gold exists in the form of tellurides (such as calaverite, sylvanite, and krennerite), solid solution silver-gold minerals, and other alloys that are slow to react in cyanide solutions. Additionally, minerals such as aurostibite, black bismuthinite, and gold-humic acid complexes are also difficult to dissolve in cyanide solutions.   Y&X's popular product YX500 gold leaching reagent is an environmentally friendly alternative to the highly toxic sodium cyanide, effectively addressing nearly all of sodium cyanide's drawbacks. YX500 has already achieved industrial production and application. The developed "combined leaching" and "on-site cleaning" technologies ensure the standard discharge of tailing pond sludge while maintaining high gold leaching rates.   The main advantages of YX500 are: 1. Environmentally friendly with low toxicity, ensuring safer transportation, usage, and storage. 2. As a common chemical product, it can be transported by sea, rail, or road, significantly reducing transportation costs. 3. Can directly replace sodium cyanide without altering any existing leaching processes. 4. Offers faster leaching speed compared to sodium cyanide, reducing production cycles by 30%, saving labor, reducing costs, and conserving water. 5. Exhibits good stability and increased carbon adsorption capacity, effectively enhancing the adsorption capacity of activated carbon and increasing recovery rates.   Click here for more details on the YX500!    

On May 16, Zijin Mining released its "Five-Year Development Plan," setting a target to achieve its 2030 goals by 2028. The company aims to increase copper output by at least 49% to 1.5-1.6 million tonnes, gold production by 47% to 100-110 tonnes, and lithium carbonate equivalent production by 82 times to 250,000-300,000 tonnes. Meeting these targets would place Zijin Mining among the top three global copper producers and establish it as a major player in the lithium industry.   Rapid Growth and Strategic Vision Zijin Mining has seen remarkable growth over the past 30 years, ranking fifth in global copper production and seventh in gold production by 2023. The company has consistently exceeded its copper production guidance for five consecutive years.   In 2023, Zijin Mining revised its strategic goals based on three years of achievements and changes in the external environment, aiming to achieve comprehensive global first-class status by 2030. That year, the company's primary products continued to grow significantly, with copper production reaching 1.01 million tonnes, making it the only Asian company to exceed one million tonnes of copper production.   Key projects like the Kamoa Copper Mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Julong Copper Mine in Tibet, and the Čukaru Peki Copper-Gold Mine in Serbia, along with aggressive acquisitions and over 30 million tonnes of deep porphyry copper resources mined using the cost-effective block caving method, underpin Zijin Mining's growth strategy.   In addition to copper, Zijin Mining plans to produce 85 tonnes of gold in 2025 and 100-110 tonnes by 2028. The company is also focusing on the growth of other metals such as lithium, molybdenum, and silver. Since 2021, Zijin Mining has rapidly secured significant lithium resources and advanced various projects to enhance its position in the lithium market.     Strategic Adjustments and Future Goals Zijin Mining has made tactical adjustments to its lithium sector, prioritizing cost control and technological innovation over rapid construction and production. The 2025 lithium production target has been revised to 100,000 tonnes, with a goal of 250,000-300,000 tonnes by 2028.   The company's strategic planning and execution capabilities are evident from the high completion rates of its production targets over the past decade. Zijin Mining's updated plan aims to achieve its major 2030 targets by 2028, establishing an advanced global operation management system and ESG sustainable development system, and becoming a "green, high-tech, first-class international mining group."   Chen Jinghe, Chairman of Zijin Mining, emphasized the importance of "improving quality, controlling costs, and increasing efficiency," along with proactive reform and innovation to continuously enhance metal resource reserves and production output.   Source: Zijin Mining Mineral processing chemicals Mineral processing equipment  

Copper is a crucial metal in various industries, including electronics, machinery, and light industry. With the depletion of copper sulfide ore reserves, attention has increasingly shifted to the development and utilization of copper oxide ores. These ores exhibit poorer floatability compared to copper sulfide ores, with significant variations depending on the form of copper present in the minerals and the composition of the gangue.   Copper oxide ores such as malachite, cuprite, and azurite generally have good floatability and are the primary focus in flotation processes. However, copper oxide ores are characterized by fine and unevenly distributed particles, which are highly hydrophilic, complicating the flotation process. The flotation methods for copper oxide ores are typically categorized into direct flotation and sulfide flotation, each requiring specific reagents to enhance efficiency.   Forms of Copper Oxide Minerals   1. Free Copper Oxide: These are copper oxide minerals that are not bound to gangue materials and are thus easier to float. They are soluble in cyanide solutions and can be effectively recovered using flotation techniques. 2. Bound Copper Oxide: These minerals are cemented with gangue materials like iron hydroxide, making them difficult to recover via flotation alone. They are not soluble in cyanide solutions and require more complex treatment.     Flotation Reagents for Copper Oxide Ore   Direct Flotation Collectors 1. Fatty Acid Collectors: These include fatty acids and their soaps, which are effective for ores with silicate gangue minerals and malachite-dominant copper-bearing minerals. Mixed fatty acids (C10-C20) are commonly used in industrial applications, often under the inhibition of phosphate and water glass.   2. Amine Collectors: Organic amine agents, such as cocoamine and laurylamine, are notable for their strong collection capacity and fast flotation speed. These collectors are effective for minerals like malachite and azurite but also have a tendency to collect gangue minerals, necessitating the use of gangue inhibitors like sodium alginate and polyacrylic acid.   3. Chelating Agent Collectors: These collectors, including imidazole and hydroxamic acid, exhibit strong collection capacity and good selectivity. They are particularly useful for difficult-to-float ores like chrysocolla. Chelating agents form hydrophobic chelates with metal ions on the surface of copper oxide, enhancing the flotation process when used with neutral oils.   Copper Oxide Flotation Activators 1. Sulfide Activators: Sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, and calcium sulfide are commonly used. Sodium sulfide is particularly prevalent, but its dosage must be carefully controlled to avoid inhibiting copper oxide flotation.   2. Amine Salt Activators: Compounds like ethylenediamine phosphate, triethanolamine, and ammonium salts enhance the adsorption of copper oxide, reducing the inhibitory effect of excess sodium sulfide and improving recovery rates.   3. Cyclic Organic Compound Activators: These include nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-containing compounds such as D2, D3, and 8-hydroxyquinoline. They are often used in conjunction with sodium sulfide to enhance recovery indices.     Practical Considerations   The flotation process for copper oxide ores is complex and requires careful selection and combination of reagents. Factors such as the specific mineral composition and the form of copper oxide present in the ore must be considered. Conducting thorough beneficiation tests on ore samples is essential to formulate an effective chemical system, ensuring optimal recovery and beneficiation indices.   In conclusion, the flotation of copper oxide ores involves a variety of reagents and methods tailored to the specific characteristics of the ore. By understanding the roles and applications of different collectors and activators, effective flotation systems can be developed to improve the recovery and grade of copper oxide minerals.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.  

Collector YX09510C is an innovative flotation reagent specifically designed to address the challenges of difficult multimetal sulfide ore flotation. This product stands out in the market due to its exceptional performance and unique properties that cater to the complex needs of sulfide ore processing.     Key Characteristics and Benefits   Highly Effective Collector: YX09510C is a light yellow to dark yellow transparent oily liquid known for its high efficiency in collecting sulfide ores. Its ability to promote bubble formation aids in the flotation process, enhancing the recovery of valuable minerals.   Selective Performance: While it excels in capturing difficult sulfide ores such as copper sulfide ore, copper-gold sulfide ore, and zinc sulfide ore, YX09510C demonstrates remarkable selectivity. It is particularly effective in scenarios where complex lead minerals with high silver content are present, making it ideal for environments where copper mineralization is secondary, and lead grades are low.   Improved Precious Metal Recovery: YX09510C significantly enhances the recovery rate of associated precious metals such as gold and silver. Its efficiency in extracting these valuable by-products adds substantial economic benefits to the mineral processing operations.   Excellence in Complex Lead Minerals: This collector shows outstanding performance in extracting complex lead minerals with high silver content, ensuring high recovery rates and optimal concentrate quality.   Economic Advantages: The use of YX09510C can significantly improve the recovery rate of mineral processing, translating to considerable economic benefits.   Minimal Activation of Pyrite and Magnetite: One of the standout features of YX09510C is its weak ability to capture pyrite and magnetite, ensuring that the primary focus remains on the desired sulfide minerals. This property is crucial for optimizing the purity and quality of the final concentrate.   Versatile Application: Suitable for a range of mining operations, YX09510C delivers exceptional selectivity and enhanced recovery rates, making it a versatile choice for various flotation processes. It provides excellent selectivity, improved recovery rates, and minimizes the activation of copper minerals.   User-Friendly: With a recommended dosage that varies based on the specific ore type and processing conditions, YX09510C is easy to integrate into existing flotation systems. Our experienced team is readily available to provide tailored solutions and technical support to ensure optimal performance.   In conclusion, Collector YX09510C is a highly effective and versatile flotation reagent that addresses the specific challenges associated with difficult multimetal sulfide ore flotation. Its unique characteristics and proven performance make it an invaluable asset for mining operations seeking to maximize recovery rates and economic returns. For customized solutions and technical support, our experienced team is always ready to assist you.  

  On June 27, Chemaf Resources Limited (CRL) announced that it has reached an agreement to sell the company, including its subsidiaries, to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Norin Mining Limited. This acquisition will provide Norin Mining with two copper-cobalt mining projects in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Etoile and Mutoshi. The proposed transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2024, pending the fulfillment of customary closing conditions.   Chemaf SA, founded in 2001, is a prominent operator and developer of copper and cobalt projects in the DRC. Over the past two decades, Chemaf has produced more than 300,000 tonnes of copper and 55,000 tonnes of cobalt hydroxide from the Etoile mine. The future of Chemaf lies in the expansion of the Etoile mine (Etoile Phase II) and the development of the new greenfield Mutoshi mine, both of which are in the late stages of development. These projects have the potential to collectively produce over 75,000 tonnes of copper and 20,000 tonnes of cobalt hydroxide annually.   CRL holds 94.68% of Chemaf's shares, with the remaining 5% held by the DRC government. CRL was founded by Chairman Shiraz Virji and is headquartered in Dubai. It is a subsidiary of the Chemaf Group, which in turn is part of the Shalina Group.   Norin Mining, an established mining and trading company, has a diverse portfolio of base metal projects across the African continent, including two existing projects in the DRC: Comika and Lamikal. In 2023, Norin Mining generated $4.3 billion in revenue from its mineral-related activities.   Jeremy Meynert, Chairman Shiraz Virji's advisor and Chemaf Group's advisor, commented: "After a highly competitive international auction process, we are delighted to have signed a deal with Norin Mining. This transaction will allow CRL and Chemaf to meet their obligations to existing lenders and creditors. Importantly, Chemaf has found a new owner with the experience and determination necessary to manage Shiraz Virji's assets and complete the Etoile Phase II and Mutoshi projects. Despite the numerous challenges Chemaf has faced over the past 12 months, the resilience of our management team, the dedication of our employees and contractors, and the support of our suppliers have enabled us to continue production at the Etoile mine while seeking new capital to advance the Etoile Phase II and Mutoshi development projects. Ongoing production has given us the time to secure the best possible deal for all stakeholders."   Chemaf founder and Chairman Shiraz Virji stated: "For over 20 years, Chemaf has been a proud family-owned business. Our operations have brought significant economic and social benefits to the communities where our projects are located and to the DRC as a whole through job creation, community, environmental, and healthcare programs, and the payment of royalties and taxes. I am immensely proud and grateful for the efforts of our team in establishing Chemaf as a leading copper and cobalt producer in the DRC. I also appreciate the professionalism and commitment of the Norin Mining team towards this transaction. Norin Mining has a strong track record in mining operations and development, particularly in the DRC, making them an ideal choice to bring Etoile Phase II and Mutoshi into production. I wish them every success and am confident that under their leadership, Chemaf will continue to contribute significantly to the economic and social development of the DRC."     Strategic Assessment and Investment Process In recent years, Chemaf has undertaken a significant expansion of its Etoile mine in Lubumbashi, Katanga Province, while developing the large greenfield Mutoshi mine in Kolwezi, Lualaba Province. Despite substantial investment exceeding $600 million, additional funding is required to complete these projects. The decline in copper and cobalt prices, impacting cash flow from the existing Etoile mine, combined with inflationary pressures in the global mining industry, has resulted in a funding shortfall. Consequently, in August 2023, CRL initiated a strategic review led by Jeremy Meynert.   After a comprehensive review of various financing options, CRL decided to pursue an equity investment process to secure direct investment at the CRL level, including the potential sale of the company. The equity investment process began in September 2023, focusing on finding an investor with a strong track record in responsible mining operations and project development to complete the Etoile Phase II and Mutoshi projects.   The company received significant interest from investors worldwide, ultimately leading to the proposed transaction with Norin Mining.   Transaction Overview Norin Mining's subsidiary, Kingco, has signed a share purchase agreement with the Chemaf Group to acquire all of Chemaf Group's shares in CRL. Chemaf will remain a subsidiary of CRL. Kingco has also agreed to acquire Shiraz Virji's direct shares in Chemaf.   The DRC government has approved the sale of CRL, which will result in an indirect change of control of Chemaf. The transaction remains subject to customary closing conditions, including approvals from Chemaf's partner Gecamines SA in Mutoshi and Chinese regulatory authorities.   The transaction consideration will primarily be allocated to CRL and Chemaf's lenders and creditors, with major lenders having signed settlement agreements.

  Copper oxide ores are an important mineral resource, and due to the unique properties of oxide minerals, their flotation process is quite complex. Understanding the flotation methods of copper oxide ores and their mixed ores is essential for improving copper recovery rates and economic efficiency. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the conventional flotation methods for copper oxide ores and discuss the characteristics of non-ferrous metal oxide ores and their impact on the flotation process.   Characteristics of Non-Ferrous Metal Oxide Ores   1. Complex Structure: Non-ferrous metal oxide ores have a complex structure and fine-grained dissemination, making them difficult to liberate during fine grinding, which often leads to the formation of slimes. 2. Diverse Composition: These ores often contain multiple types of oxide minerals within the same deposit, resulting in significant differences in floatability. 3. High Mud and Soluble Salts Content: These ores typically contain a large amount of mud and soluble salts. 4. Variable Properties: The properties of non-ferrous oxide ores vary greatly between different deposits, including differences in the degree of oxidation and ore characteristics.   Due to these characteristics, the flotation process of oxide ores is relatively difficult. Common types of copper oxide minerals include malachite, azurite, followed by chrysocolla and cuprite.     Flotation Methods for Copper Oxide Ores and Their Mixed Ores   1. Sulphidization Flotation: This is a common and straightforward process. Any oxidized copper ore that can be sulphidized can be processed using this method. Sulphidized oxidized minerals can be floated with xanthate collectors. The amount of sodium sulfide used for sulphidization should be controlled based on the amount of raw ore. Sodium sulfide and other sulphidizing agents should be added to the slurry in batches without prior mixing, as the sulphide film formed is unstable and can detach under intense agitation. The sulphidization rate increases as the slurry pH decreases. When the slurry contains a lot of mud, a dispersant such as sodium silicate should be added. Collectors like butyl xanthate or a combination of black reagents can be used for collection. The slurry pH should be maintained around 9, and if it drops too low, lime should be added for adjustment.   2.Organic Acid Flotation: This method can be used for the flotation of malachite and azurite. When gangue minerals are not carbonate minerals, this method can be used to treat non-ferrous metal oxide ores. Otherwise, the flotation selectivity is lost. If the gangue minerals contain a lot of floatable iron and manganese minerals, the flotation selectivity is lost, affecting the flotation indices. When using organic acid collectors, gangue mineral depressants (such as sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, and phosphates) and pH regulators should be added. Some concentrators also use a combined flotation method of sulphidization and organic acid flotation, first floating sulphide copper and part of the oxidized copper, then using organic acid to float the remaining oxidized copper.   3. Leaching-Precipitation-Flotation: This method is used when sulphidization and organic acid flotation are ineffective. Oxidized copper minerals dissolve easily and can be leached with sulfuric acid. The dissolved copper can be precipitated with iron powder, and the precipitated copper can then be floated. This method requires the ore to be ground to liberation, depending on the mineral particle size. A dilute sulfuric acid solution is used for leaching, with the amount adjusted based on ore properties. For difficult-to-leach ores, heating may be used to improve leaching efficiency. The entire flotation process is conducted in an acidic medium, and cresylic acid or di-xanthate can be used as collectors for copper.   4. Ammonia Leaching-Sulphidization-Flotation: For ores with a high content of basic minerals, acid leaching increases reagent consumption and production costs. Therefore, concentrators generally use ammonia leaching. After fine grinding, sulfur powder is added for ammonia leaching. Ammonia and carbon dioxide react with copper ions in oxidized copper ores, forming new sulphide copper particles, which are then floated. The pH of the slurry is maintained at 6.5-7.5. Standard sulphide copper flotation reagents are used, and the ammonia generated during the process should be promptly recovered to prevent environmental pollution.   5. Separation-Flotation: The ore of suitable particle size is mixed with coal powder and salt, then subjected to chloridizing reduction roasting at 700-800°C. Chloridized copper evaporates and is reduced to metallic copper, adsorbed onto coal particles, which are then floated to obtain the concentrate. This method is mainly used for refractory copper oxide ores and ores with high malachite and cuprite content, and it is particularly effective for ores with a high mud content.   6. Mixed Copper Ore Flotation: The flotation process for these ores should be determined based on beneficiation tests. The flotation process can involve floating sulphide and oxidized minerals together, or first floating sulphide minerals, followed by floating oxidized minerals from the tailings. The conditions for floating oxidized and sulphide copper minerals are similar, but as the content of oxides decreases, the amounts of sodium sulfide and collectors should be reduced accordingly.   In summary, there are many flotation methods for copper oxide ores, each with its applicable ore types and process characteristics. Choosing and optimizing these methods based on the specific ore properties and flotation indices can effectively improve the recovery rate and concentrate grade of copper oxide ores, maximizing economic benefits.     Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.  

Introducing Mining Collector YX3418A: The Effective Solution for Sulfide Ore Beneficiation   Collector YX3418A is an innovative and highly effective beneficiation agent designed to enhance the flotation process of various sulfide ores. This product boasts exceptional features and advantages that make it an ideal choice for mineral processing industries. Here, we delve into the key characteristics and benefits of YX3418A, highlighting its application across different ore types.   Key Features and Advantages of Collector YX3418A High Active Substance Content: YX3418A contains over 90% active beneficiation substances, ensuring superior performance in ore processing. Excellent Collecting Power: This collector exhibits strong collecting capabilities, significantly improving the enrichment ratio of metals. Versatile Application Conditions: It performs effectively under both acidic and alkaline conditions, providing flexibility in various processing environments. Weak Foaming Properties: YX3418A generates minimal foam, making it easier to manage during the flotation process. Safe and Non-Hazardous: This product is non-hazardous, ensuring safe handling and usage. Ease of Use: YX3418A is designed for ease of use, requiring no preparation before application. It should be added directly to the flotation process. Cost-Effective and High Performance: YX3418A delivers almost the same process indicators as leading chemicals in the market but with added benefits. It is a cost-effective solution that maintains high performance standards while being safer to handle and use. Flexible Utilization: This product can be utilized alone or in combination with xanthates, offering flexibility in optimizing flotation processes.     Applications of Collector YX3418A in Mineral Processing YX3418A is specifically designed to enhance the recovery and grade of various sulfide ores, including copper sulfide, copper-zinc sulfide, lead-zinc sulfide, and copper-gold sulfide ores. Here’s how YX3418A works with each ore type:   Copper Sulfide and Copper-Zinc Sulfide Ores: YX3418A significantly improves the grade and recovery rate of copper concentrate. Its strong collecting power ensures higher yields of valuable metals. Copper-Gold Sulfide Ores: When used in copper-gold sulfide ore flotation, YX3418A enhances the recovery rate of precious metals such as gold and silver, increasing the overall value of the extracted concentrate. Lead-Zinc Sulfide Ores: In lead flotation, YX3418A demonstrates strong collecting power for lead, markedly improving lead recovery rates during the flotation process.   Conclusion Collector YX3418A stands out as a powerful, versatile, and safe flotation chemical for the beneficiation of sulfide ores. Its ability to improve metal recovery rates, enhance concentrate grades, and operate effectively in diverse conditions makes it an good assistant for mineral processing industries. By choosing YX3418A, we can achieve ideal results and optimize our beneficiation processes efficiently.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.

Contents: ・Types of Carbonaceous Materials in Gold Ores ・Pre-treatment Methods for Carbonaceous Gold Ores ・How to Enhance Gold Leaching? ・Conclusion   Gold extraction from carbonaceous gold ores, which are prevalent in black (or carbonaceous) rock series and sedimentary rock series, presents significant challenges due to the presence of organic carbon. This type of ore has been recognized since the early 20th century for its detrimental impact on cyanide leaching. Carbonaceous gold ores are typically defined as those containing organic carbon that interacts with gold cyanide complexes, making conventional cyanide leaching ineffective. Some of the most famous carbonaceous gold deposits include the Carlin gold mine in the United States and the Muruntau gold mine in Uzbekistan, with significant deposits also found in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and China.   Studies have shown that carbonaceous materials in primary ore deposits, especially those in sedimentary rock-hosted gold deposits, play a crucial role in their formation. When organic carbon compounds exceed 0.2%, they significantly hinder the cyanide leaching process, leading to the classification of such ores as carbonaceous gold ores. Besides the harmful effects of carbonaceous materials, these ores also exhibit mineralogical characteristics typical of refractory ores, such as gold encapsulation in sulfides or clay minerals. In many carbonaceous gold ores, gold coexists with pyrite or other sulfides. In certain finely disseminated and metamorphic rock-type gold deposits, carbonaceous material is a primary gold carrier.   Types of Carbonaceous Materials in Gold Ores Carbonaceous materials in gold ores are categorized into three types: elemental (solid) carbon, polymeric hydrocarbon mixtures, and organic acids similar to humic acids, collectively referred to as organic carbon. The presence of carbonaceous material in the ore is generally attributed to the introduction of small amounts of organic matter (potentially including hydrocarbons) during hydrothermal activity. Elemental carbon occurs in forms such as graphite, amorphous carbon, and poorly crystallized pseudo-graphite (a mixture of amorphous and graphite structures), primarily composed of carbon and generally gold-free. Solid carbon, particularly amorphous carbon, exhibits activated carbon-like properties during cyanide leaching, adsorbing dissolved gold-cyanide complexes. The organic components of carbonaceous ore include long-chain hydrocarbons that do not interact with gold cyanide complexes and organic acids that form complexes with gold-cyanide salts. Chinese researchers classify organic carbon in finely disseminated gold ores into chloroform-soluble organic matter and insoluble organic matter (kerogen).   Pre-treatment Methods for Carbonaceous Gold Ores Pre-treatment methods for carbonaceous gold ores include removing or decomposing the carbonaceous material or rendering it inactive during cyanide leaching. The latter approach eliminates the harmful effects of carbonaceous material on cyanide leaching without destroying the carbonaceous content of the ore, and therefore does not liberate gold initially encapsulated in carbonaceous materials.   Roasting is the most commonly used method for the pretreatment of carbonaceous gold ores. By roasting these ores in the air, the gold locked within the minerals can be effectively exposed, eliminating the adsorption of gold cyanide complexes by carbonaceous matter, and thereby successfully increasing the gold leaching rate. Currently, the primary focus in the development and utilization of carbonaceous gold mines is on the single recovery of gold, rather than the effective comprehensive recovery or utilization of other components. With the high energy consumption and the need to treat SO2 emissions, the cost pressures associated with the conventional roasting process are becoming increasingly prominent. Due to its strong applicability, simple technological process, and remarkable recovery rates, the roasting method will continue to be widely used in the industrial production of carbonaceous gold mines for a long time to come. Therefore, increasing the comprehensive recovery and utilization rate of carbonaceous gold ores and reducing the cost of waste gas treatment are two key future development directions for roasting pretreatment technology.   How to Enhance Gold Leaching? To address the challenges posed by conventional cyanide leaching, Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. has developed the eco-friendly gold leaching reagent YX500. This innovative reagent effectively replaces sodium cyanide and can be used in various gold beneficiation and smelting processes. YX500 offers numerous advantages, including low toxicity, environmental friendliness, high recovery rates, stability, and ease of operation, making it a superior alternative for gold extraction.   Conclusion In summary, the presence of carbonaceous materials in gold ores presents significant challenges to gold extraction using conventional cyanide leaching methods. To enhance gold leaching efficiency, it is crucial to minimize the impact of carbon on the process. Additionally, addressing environmental and health concerns associated with cyanide use is essential. YX500 by Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. offers an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to sodium cyanide, enhancing gold recovery while reducing environmental and health risks.

significant market opportunities ahead. In addition to increasing copper capacity, Vale has also enhanced its nickel production capacity. Nickel, a crucial material for batteries, plays a vital role in the burgeoning electric vehicle industry. As global interest in electric vehicles and clean energy grows, so does the demand for nickel. Vale has successfully optimized its mining and processing operations to meet this growing demand.   Image source: Vale Base Metals, Phase 1 of the Salobo III Project.   Former Anglo American CEO and current chairman of Vale's Base Metals Board, Mark Cutifani, outlined a plan on Thursday that includes multi-billion dollar capital expenditures to improve productivity at nickel and copper mines and processing plants, and reduce costs. Announcing the investment plan, Cutifani stated, "We firmly believe that through continuous investment and technological innovation, we can improve productivity and efficiency, reduce costs, and meet market demand for metals such as copper and nickel." He emphasized that Vale is committed to providing high-quality products and services to its customers while actively fulfilling social responsibilities and focusing on environmental protection and sustainable development.   Last month, copper prices surged to record levels due to speculative investments betting on impending shortages, which drew a flood of speculative capital. Although copper prices have since retreated, it is widely believed that the copper market may face shortages in the coming years. The world's largest mining companies are seeking to increase production in anticipation of future price hikes.   Last year, Vale spun off its Base Metals business into an independent unit and sold a 10% stake to Saudi Arabia. The Rio de Janeiro-based metals producer has been exploring liquidity options for this business, which might include an initial public offering (IPO).   Vale expects to achieve some "early wins" through initiatives such as using its own metals to reduce idle capacity at the Sudbury mines in Canada. With an initial investment of $800 million, the company anticipates copper production to increase by 5% and nickel production by 10% by 2026 compared to forecasts from December.   Citi analysts commented in a report to clients, "This presentation was impressive... but many of the near-term concepts have been heard in past presentations." They described the Base Metals business as "a story for equity investors."   By pursuing this ambitious investment plan, Vale aims to solidify its position as a leading global supplier of essential metals, prepared to meet the challenges and opportunities of the future market.

Kamoa-Kakula Copper Mine Becomes the World's Third-Largest Copper Mine   Ivanhoe Mines announced on Tuesday that its Phase 3 concentrator at the Kamoa-Kakula copper mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo has achieved its first production of concentrate.   Ivanhoe Mines, a Canadian mining company, is advancing three major projects in Southern Africa. The Kamoa-Kakula Copper Mine project is co-owned by Zijin Mining and Ivanhoe Mines, with both being the largest shareholders. Zijin Mining is also the second-largest shareholder of Ivanhoe Mines, holding approximately 13.7% of its shares, and has a beneficial ownership of around 45% in Kamoa Copper, making it the largest beneficial shareholder.   The Phase 3 concentrator was completed roughly six months ahead of schedule. Once fully operational, it is expected to increase Kamoa-Kakula's annual copper production to over 600,000 tonnes.   The Phase 3 concentrator has a designed annual capacity of 5 million tonnes, which is 30% higher than the combined capacity of the Phase 1 and Phase 2 concentrators located 10 kilometers away.   In May, the Phase 1 and Phase 2 concentrators produced 35,474 tonnes of copper, marking the best performance in the past 12 months.   With the completion of the Phase 3 concentrator, Kamoa-Kakula has become the world's third-largest copper mine, following Chile's Escondida and Indonesia's Grasberg, and is now the largest copper mine in Africa.