China Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. Company News

On July 16, Montage Gold Corp., a Canadian-listed company, announced a brokered private placement of up to 97,142,857 common shares at a price of CAD 1.75 per share, raising total funds of up to CAD 170 million. This includes a strategic investment of CAD 57.3 million (approximately 300 million yuan) from Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd., giving it a 9.9% stake. The Lundin Family Trust is also increasing its holdings.   Montage Gold, headquartered in Vancouver, Canada, has its flagship Koné Gold Project located in northwest Côte d'Ivoire. The project includes two deposits, Koné and Gbongogo, 35 km apart, situated within the Birimian Baoule-Mossi domain of the West African Craton. According to a January 2024 estimate, the Koné deposit has an ore reserve of 174 million tons with an average grade of 0.72 g/t, containing 4.01 million ounces (125 tons) of gold. At the end of 2023, resources for both deposits were estimated, with Koné at a cut-off grade of 0.20 g/t containing 4.74 million ounces (147 tons) and Gbongogo at a cut-off grade of 0.50 g/t containing 520,000 ounces (16 tons).   A feasibility study published this year identifies the Koné project as one of Africa's top-quality gold projects, with a mine life of 16 years and an all-in sustaining cost (AISC) of USD 998 per ounce. The average annual production for the first 8 years exceeds 300,000 ounces (9.3 tons). In this fundraising round, Zijin plans to purchase 32,714,829 common shares, resulting in a 9.9% stake in Montage post-issuance. The Lundin Family Trust plans to buy 24,588,865 common shares, increasing its stake from 17.7% to 19.9%. Company insiders also intend to participate in the issuance. Net proceeds from the fundraising will be used for the development of the Koné project, exploration, working capital, and general corporate purposes. Subject to all necessary regulatory and other approvals, the fundraising is expected to complete during the week of August 12, 2024.   Martino De Ciccio, CEO of Montage Gold, stated: "Following Zijin Mining's thorough due diligence and site visit, as well as the Lundin family's increased investment in Montage, we are pleased to welcome Zijin Mining as a major shareholder. These investments enhance our ability to achieve our strategy of becoming a top multi-asset gold producer in Africa and validate the potential of our Koné Gold Project in Côte d'Ivoire. With a strengthened balance sheet, we will be able to swiftly unlock value for our stakeholders, advance the Koné project with construction anticipated to commence in Q1 2025, and continue our exploration strategy to delineate high-grade targets that can be incorporated into the mine plan at the start of operations."   Source: montagegold.com

Contents: 1. Classification of Gold-Copper Ores and Corresponding Beneficiation Processes 2. Considerations and Operational Methods for Cyanidation-Flotation Processes in Gold-Copper Ores 3. Comparative Analysis of Three Flotation Processes for Gold-Copper Ores 4. Re-Flotation of Tailings from Gold-Copper Beneficiation Equipment 5. Optimization of Reprocessing Flotation Tailings from Gold-Copper Ores   1. Classification of Gold-Copper Ores and Corresponding Beneficiation Processes: Gold-copper ores are divided into sulfide and oxide types, each requiring different beneficiation methods due to their distinct properties.   In sulfide ores, the primary metallic minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite, with minor minerals including arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcocite, and bornite. Gangue minerals include quartz, sericite, and plagioclase. Gold is closely associated with chalcopyrite and also occurs in pyrite and other sulfides, with minimal presence in gangue. The main method for processing these ores is flotation to produce a mixed concentrate of gold, copper, and sulfur, which is then separated by flotation to obtain gold-copper and gold-sulfur concentrates. The gold-copper concentrate is sent to a smelter for comprehensive recovery, while the gold-sulfur concentrate can be cyanide leached and then smelted to recover gold. If the gold particle size is coarse, mercury amalgamation and gravity separation can be added before flotation to recover coarse gold.   Gold-copper oxide ores contain iron hydroxide and copper oxide minerals, making them difficult to process. When using a flotation-cyanidation combined process, the flotation recovery of gold-bearing iron hydroxide is challenging, and copper minerals affect cyanidation, resulting in poor recovery. A combined beneficiation and smelting process is preferred: first, recover gold-bearing sulfides by flotation, then use different reagents to recover copper oxides and gold-coated surfaces, and finally, acid leach to recover cleaned copper and gold-bearing sulfides.     2. Considerations and Operational Methods for Cyanidation-Flotation Processes in Gold-Copper Ores: Copper minerals associated with gold, except for a few like chalcopyrite and chrysocolla, have high solubility in cyanide solutions. Soluble copper competes with gold for cyanide and oxygen, hindering gold dissolution. Therefore, beneficiation equipment should adjust the process based on the copper content in the ore.   For ores with low soluble copper content, cyanide consumption can be increased if economically feasible. Operations should be conducted at lower temperatures and cyanide concentrations, as copper dissolution rates increase with higher temperatures and cyanide concentrations. Segmental addition of cyanide helps control dissolution rates, ensuring gold recovery while minimizing cyanide consumption.     3. Comparative Analysis of Three Flotation Processes for Gold-Copper Ores: Preferential flotation process: Sequentially produces gold-copper concentrate, iron sulfide concentrate, and tailings. Mixed flotation process: More likely to produce discarded tailings compared to the preferential process. Iso-flotation process: Separates easy-to-float gold-sulfides from difficult-to-float gold-sulfides. Each process requires different conditions due to varying floatability. For difficult-to-float gold-sulfides, increased collector dosage ensures thorough recovery. During separation flotation of mixed concentrates, only small amounts of depressants are needed as easy-to-float pyrite particles are already absent. The iso-flotation process requires more equipment than the other two but offers high flotation indices and reduced reagent consumption.   4. Re-Flotation of Tailings from Gold-Copper Beneficiation Equipment: To fully utilize gold-copper resources, various leaching methods can be applied to tailings for comprehensive recovery. For instance, using dilute sulfuric acid to leach copper, followed by iron replacement to obtain sponge copper, with the resulting copper-depleted residue cyanide leached for gold. This method is also applicable for treating gold-copper concentrates.   For ores with high copper content (e.g., >0.3%), where cyanide consumption is economically unfeasible, flotation can be used to obtain copper concentrate, followed by cyanidation of the tailings for gold recovery.     5. Optimization of Reprocessing Flotation Tailings from Gold-Copper Ores: To increase the value of reprocessed flotation tailings, three trials were conducted: industrial roughing tests on fixed chutes, laboratory re-grinding and flotation tests of rough concentrate, and laboratory re-grinding and full-slime cyanidation leaching tests of rough concentrate. The results suggest two options for reprocessing: chute roughing followed by flotation, or chute roughing followed by cyanidation. The former increases grinding and flotation costs, while the latter increases grinding and leaching costs. The optimal process should be determined through detailed economic and technical comparison. The beneficiation plant should use targeted special collectors to improve flotation recovery rates based on a single-stage grinding-flotation process.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in efficient, eco-friendly reagents for metal and non-metal ore beneficiation. With extensive experience in ores like copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, palladium, bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized, advanced solutions to maximize your benefits. Committed to providing one-stop beneficiation services, we look forward to a successful partnership with you.  

Contents: What Is Flocculant? What Makes Polyacrylamide Flocculant Effective? When Should We Use Flocculant? How Is Flocculant Applied? Why Is Flocculant Important? Conclusion   What Is Flocculant? Flocculant is a crucial reagent in the wastewater treatment industry, designed to aid in the aggregation and removal of suspended particles from liquids through the process of flocculation. Among these, polyacrylamide flocculant stands out due to its water-soluble polymer nature, which is not soluble in most organic solvents. This characteristic makes it highly effective in flocculation processes. Polyacrylamide flocculant possesses exceptional flocculation properties, which are beneficial across various applications including mining tailings treatment, urban wastewater management, and sludge dewatering.   What Makes Polyacrylamide Flocculant Effective? Polyacrylamide flocculant works by neutralizing the charges on suspended particles in wastewater, causing them to clump together into larger aggregates, or "flocs," through flocculation. These flocs then settle out of the liquid, facilitating their removal. The effectiveness of this flocculant is attributed to its high molecular weight and unique ionic properties, which can be non-ionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric. Each type is suited to specific treatment needs, depending on the nature of the wastewater and the particles involved. When Should We Use Flocculant? Flocculant should be used when there is a need to remove suspended particles from wastewater efficiently. It is particularly useful when dealing with high volumes of suspended solids or when the particles are difficult to settle by gravity alone. The timing of flocculant addition is critical; it is often introduced after primary treatment stages where large debris is removed, but before final clarification and filtration stages. In processes where rapid settling and clear separation of solids and liquids are required, flocculant plays a vital role. It is also essential during sludge dewatering to improve the consistency and reduce the volume of sludge.   How Is Flocculant Applied? Flocculant can be applied through several methods, including direct addition to wastewater, incorporation into belt filter presses for sludge dewatering, and dosing systems. The choice of application method depends on the specific requirements of the treatment process and the type of wastewater being treated. Proper mixing and dosing are essential to achieve optimal flocculation and ensure that the flocculant performs effectively.   Where Is Flocculant Used? Flocculant finds its applications in diverse environments across multiple industries. It is integral in mining operations for treating tailings, in municipal wastewater facilities for treating urban sewage, and in industrial settings for managing wastewater from various manufacturing processes. Its versatility makes it suitable for a broad range of applications including paper mill wastewater, textile dyeing, automotive spraying, and stone factory wastewater treatment.   Why Is Flocculant Important? The importance of flocculant in wastewater treatment lies in its ability to enhance the efficiency of the treatment process through effective flocculation. By facilitating the aggregation and removal of suspended particles, flocculant improves the clarity of the treated water and reduces the environmental impact of wastewater discharge. Its use helps in meeting regulatory standards for water quality and promotes sustainable practices in various industries.   Polyacrylamide flocculant from Y&X offers reliable and efficient flocculation for wastewater treatment. Its special formulation ensures effective aggregation and removal of suspended particles, making it suitable for various industries, including mining and wastewater management. With Y&X’s extensive experience and commitment to quality, our flocculant helps achieve cleaner, clearer water and promotes sustainable practices.     Conclusion Polyacrylamide flocculant is a vital component in the wastewater treatment process, offering significant benefits across multiple applications. Its ability to improve flocculation efficiency and adapt to different ionic conditions makes it indispensable in managing and treating wastewater effectively.

In 2023, the world's top ten gold mining companies were ranked by gold production. Except for Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Company, production data is based on full-year company press releases as of December 31, 2023.   1. Newmont, 5.5 million ounces Despite an 8% decline in production compared to 2022, Newmont remains the largest gold producer, with operations spanning four continents and producing 5.5 million ounces. Last year, Newmont spent $17 billion to acquire Newcrest Mining, significantly expanding its operations in Australia and Canada and solidifying its position as the world's largest gold miner.   2. Barrick Gold, 4.05 million ounces Barrick Gold's 2023 production was 4.05 million ounces, slightly down from the previous year (-2.1%) and below its forecast and analysts' expectations. Unlike Newmont's major moves, Barrick's CEO has repeatedly denied plans for any large-scale acquisitions, stating the company will focus on organic growth, with expansion plans in the Dominican Republic and Nevada.   3. Agnico Eagle, 3.44 million ounces In stark contrast to the "big two," Agnico Eagle's production grew by nearly 10%, thanks to its acquisition of the remaining stake in Canada's largest open-pit gold mine, Canadian Malartic, and the mines acquired from Kirkland Lake Gold in 2022. Besides consolidating its production in Canada, Agnico Eagle is also investing in growth projects in Finland, where its Kittila operation runs Europe's largest primary gold mine.   4. Navoi (NMMC), 2.9 million ounces Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Company (NMMC) is Uzbekistan's largest industrial enterprise with a rich history of gold production. Although NMMC reports annual production in monetary terms, according to data from S&P Global, its 2023 production totaled 2.9 million ounces, enough to maintain its position among the top four producers.   5. Polyus, 2.9 million ounces In 2023, Polyus's production increased by 14%, reaching 2.9 million ounces, with refined gold accounting for 2.48 million ounces and the rest from flotation concentrate. Like many other Russian companies, this Moscow-based gold company faced Western sanctions last year, forcing it to gradually wind down its mining operations.   6. AngloGold Ashanti, 2.59 million ounces AngloGold's production in 2023 fell by 3% year-over-year due to reduced processed ore volumes and lower ore grades. Equipment failures at one of its mines in Ghana also contributed to the production decline. Despite facing floods in Australia, the Johannesburg-based gold miner maintains a 2024 production target of 2.79 million ounces.   7. Gold Fields, 2.3 million ounces In 2023, Gold Fields' production once again lagged behind its South African peer, dropping by 4% compared to the previous year. At the end of last year, the company sold its 45% stake in the Asanko gold mine in Ghana to its joint venture partner Galiano Gold. However, the company’s new Salares Norte mine in Chile, which saw its first gold pour in April after years of delays, is expected to offset the production loss. Rumors of merger talks between Gold Fields and AngloGold seemed to have been confirmed as the two companies formed a joint venture in Ghana in March last year.   8. Zijin Mining, 2.17 million ounces Zijin Mining's gold production increased by 20% year-over-year, making it China's largest publicly traded gold mining company and placing it among the top eight gold mining companies worldwide. The group continues to actively seek acquisitions to enhance its production capacity.   9. Kinross Gold, 2.15 million ounces In 2023, Kinross's production (including gold equivalent) increased by nearly 10% compared to the previous year. This Canadian mining company is set to add a new production source, with its Manh Choh project in Alaska scheduled for first production this month.   10. Freeport-McMoRan, 1.99 million ounces The U.S.-based Freeport-McMoRan saw its gold production grow by nearly 10% in 2023. Known for its copper operations, the company currently operates the Grasberg copper-gold mine in Indonesia, one of the largest gold mines in the world.   Honorable Mention: Solidcore Resources, 1.71 million ounces (gold equivalent) Previously known as Polymetal International, Solidcore Resources maintained stable gold equivalent production last year. Since facing U.S. sanctions, the group has been forced to sell most of its Russian assets, which accounted for about 70% of its production.   *Source: Mining.com

  The method of extracting gold from ores is determined by the type and properties of the ore. Generally, gold ores are categorized into two types based on their adaptability to cyanidation: easily leachable ores and difficult-to-leach ores. Difficult-to-leach gold ores are those that cannot be effectively leached using conventional cyanidation methods, even after fine grinding. Some authors define difficult-to-leach gold ores as those with a cyanide leaching recovery rate of less than 80% after fine grinding. In English, "refractory gold ores" can also be translated as "difficult-to-process gold ores," "difficult-to-leach gold ores," or "recalcitrant gold ores," but the term "difficult-to-leach gold ores" is the most accurate based on its definition.     There are multiple reasons why some gold ores are difficult to leach, encompassing physical, chemical, and mineralogical factors. These reasons can be summarized into five main categories:   1. Physical Encapsulation: Gold particles are often finely disseminated or submicroscopic within sulfide minerals (such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite) or silicate minerals (like quartz). They can also be present within the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals. Such encapsulated gold is difficult to liberate even with fine grinding, preventing contact with cyanide during the leaching process.   2. Consumption of Oxygen and Cyanide by Other Minerals: Ores often contain sulfide and oxide minerals of metals such as arsenic, copper, antimony, iron, manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. These minerals have high solubility in alkaline cyanide solutions, consuming significant amounts of cyanide and dissolved oxygen, and forming various cyanide complexes and thiocyanate (SCN-). This negatively affects the leaching process. The most important oxygen-consuming minerals are pyrrhotite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite, while the most significant cyanide-consuming minerals are arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, stibnite, and galena.   3. Surface Passivation of Gold Particles: During ore oxidation, the surface of gold particles in contact with cyanide pulp may form films such as sulfide films, peroxide films (e.g., calcium peroxide film), oxide films, and insoluble cyanide films. These films cause surface passivation of gold, significantly reducing the oxidation and leaching rates of gold particles. When sulfide minerals are present in the ore, the dissolution of gold can be hindered in various ways. One explanation is that soluble sulfides (S2- or HS-) produced by mineral dissolution can react with gold to form a sulfide film, passivating the gold surface. Another theory is that a dynamic reduction couple forms on the sulfide surface, leading to the formation of a dense cyanide complex film on the gold particles, thus passivating them.     4. "Robbing" Effect by Carbonaceous Materials: Ores often contain carbonaceous materials (such as activated carbon, graphite, and humic acid) and clays that can adsorb gold. These materials can preferentially adsorb gold-cyanide complexes during cyanide leaching, causing a "robbing" effect, which results in gold losses in the cyanide tailings and severely impacts gold recovery.   5. Presence of Insoluble Gold Compounds: In some ores, gold exists in the form of tellurides (such as calaverite, sylvanite, and krennerite), solid solution silver-gold minerals, and other alloys that are slow to react in cyanide solutions. Additionally, minerals such as aurostibite, black bismuthinite, and gold-humic acid complexes are also difficult to dissolve in cyanide solutions.   Y&X's popular product YX500 gold leaching reagent is an environmentally friendly alternative to the highly toxic sodium cyanide, effectively addressing nearly all of sodium cyanide's drawbacks. YX500 has already achieved industrial production and application. The developed "combined leaching" and "on-site cleaning" technologies ensure the standard discharge of tailing pond sludge while maintaining high gold leaching rates.   The main advantages of YX500 are: 1. Environmentally friendly with low toxicity, ensuring safer transportation, usage, and storage. 2. As a common chemical product, it can be transported by sea, rail, or road, significantly reducing transportation costs. 3. Can directly replace sodium cyanide without altering any existing leaching processes. 4. Offers faster leaching speed compared to sodium cyanide, reducing production cycles by 30%, saving labor, reducing costs, and conserving water. 5. Exhibits good stability and increased carbon adsorption capacity, effectively enhancing the adsorption capacity of activated carbon and increasing recovery rates.   Click here for more details on the YX500!    

On May 16, Zijin Mining released its "Five-Year Development Plan," setting a target to achieve its 2030 goals by 2028. The company aims to increase copper output by at least 49% to 1.5-1.6 million tonnes, gold production by 47% to 100-110 tonnes, and lithium carbonate equivalent production by 82 times to 250,000-300,000 tonnes. Meeting these targets would place Zijin Mining among the top three global copper producers and establish it as a major player in the lithium industry.   Rapid Growth and Strategic Vision Zijin Mining has seen remarkable growth over the past 30 years, ranking fifth in global copper production and seventh in gold production by 2023. The company has consistently exceeded its copper production guidance for five consecutive years.   In 2023, Zijin Mining revised its strategic goals based on three years of achievements and changes in the external environment, aiming to achieve comprehensive global first-class status by 2030. That year, the company's primary products continued to grow significantly, with copper production reaching 1.01 million tonnes, making it the only Asian company to exceed one million tonnes of copper production.   Key projects like the Kamoa Copper Mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Julong Copper Mine in Tibet, and the Čukaru Peki Copper-Gold Mine in Serbia, along with aggressive acquisitions and over 30 million tonnes of deep porphyry copper resources mined using the cost-effective block caving method, underpin Zijin Mining's growth strategy.   In addition to copper, Zijin Mining plans to produce 85 tonnes of gold in 2025 and 100-110 tonnes by 2028. The company is also focusing on the growth of other metals such as lithium, molybdenum, and silver. Since 2021, Zijin Mining has rapidly secured significant lithium resources and advanced various projects to enhance its position in the lithium market.     Strategic Adjustments and Future Goals Zijin Mining has made tactical adjustments to its lithium sector, prioritizing cost control and technological innovation over rapid construction and production. The 2025 lithium production target has been revised to 100,000 tonnes, with a goal of 250,000-300,000 tonnes by 2028.   The company's strategic planning and execution capabilities are evident from the high completion rates of its production targets over the past decade. Zijin Mining's updated plan aims to achieve its major 2030 targets by 2028, establishing an advanced global operation management system and ESG sustainable development system, and becoming a "green, high-tech, first-class international mining group."   Chen Jinghe, Chairman of Zijin Mining, emphasized the importance of "improving quality, controlling costs, and increasing efficiency," along with proactive reform and innovation to continuously enhance metal resource reserves and production output.   Source: Zijin Mining Mineral processing chemicals Mineral processing equipment  

Copper is a crucial metal in various industries, including electronics, machinery, and light industry. With the depletion of copper sulfide ore reserves, attention has increasingly shifted to the development and utilization of copper oxide ores. These ores exhibit poorer floatability compared to copper sulfide ores, with significant variations depending on the form of copper present in the minerals and the composition of the gangue.   Copper oxide ores such as malachite, cuprite, and azurite generally have good floatability and are the primary focus in flotation processes. However, copper oxide ores are characterized by fine and unevenly distributed particles, which are highly hydrophilic, complicating the flotation process. The flotation methods for copper oxide ores are typically categorized into direct flotation and sulfide flotation, each requiring specific reagents to enhance efficiency.   Forms of Copper Oxide Minerals   1. Free Copper Oxide: These are copper oxide minerals that are not bound to gangue materials and are thus easier to float. They are soluble in cyanide solutions and can be effectively recovered using flotation techniques. 2. Bound Copper Oxide: These minerals are cemented with gangue materials like iron hydroxide, making them difficult to recover via flotation alone. They are not soluble in cyanide solutions and require more complex treatment.     Flotation Reagents for Copper Oxide Ore   Direct Flotation Collectors 1. Fatty Acid Collectors: These include fatty acids and their soaps, which are effective for ores with silicate gangue minerals and malachite-dominant copper-bearing minerals. Mixed fatty acids (C10-C20) are commonly used in industrial applications, often under the inhibition of phosphate and water glass.   2. Amine Collectors: Organic amine agents, such as cocoamine and laurylamine, are notable for their strong collection capacity and fast flotation speed. These collectors are effective for minerals like malachite and azurite but also have a tendency to collect gangue minerals, necessitating the use of gangue inhibitors like sodium alginate and polyacrylic acid.   3. Chelating Agent Collectors: These collectors, including imidazole and hydroxamic acid, exhibit strong collection capacity and good selectivity. They are particularly useful for difficult-to-float ores like chrysocolla. Chelating agents form hydrophobic chelates with metal ions on the surface of copper oxide, enhancing the flotation process when used with neutral oils.   Copper Oxide Flotation Activators 1. Sulfide Activators: Sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, and calcium sulfide are commonly used. Sodium sulfide is particularly prevalent, but its dosage must be carefully controlled to avoid inhibiting copper oxide flotation.   2. Amine Salt Activators: Compounds like ethylenediamine phosphate, triethanolamine, and ammonium salts enhance the adsorption of copper oxide, reducing the inhibitory effect of excess sodium sulfide and improving recovery rates.   3. Cyclic Organic Compound Activators: These include nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-containing compounds such as D2, D3, and 8-hydroxyquinoline. They are often used in conjunction with sodium sulfide to enhance recovery indices.     Practical Considerations   The flotation process for copper oxide ores is complex and requires careful selection and combination of reagents. Factors such as the specific mineral composition and the form of copper oxide present in the ore must be considered. Conducting thorough beneficiation tests on ore samples is essential to formulate an effective chemical system, ensuring optimal recovery and beneficiation indices.   In conclusion, the flotation of copper oxide ores involves a variety of reagents and methods tailored to the specific characteristics of the ore. By understanding the roles and applications of different collectors and activators, effective flotation systems can be developed to improve the recovery and grade of copper oxide minerals.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.  

Collector YX09510C is an innovative flotation reagent specifically designed to address the challenges of difficult multimetal sulfide ore flotation. This product stands out in the market due to its exceptional performance and unique properties that cater to the complex needs of sulfide ore processing.     Key Characteristics and Benefits   Highly Effective Collector: YX09510C is a light yellow to dark yellow transparent oily liquid known for its high efficiency in collecting sulfide ores. Its ability to promote bubble formation aids in the flotation process, enhancing the recovery of valuable minerals.   Selective Performance: While it excels in capturing difficult sulfide ores such as copper sulfide ore, copper-gold sulfide ore, and zinc sulfide ore, YX09510C demonstrates remarkable selectivity. It is particularly effective in scenarios where complex lead minerals with high silver content are present, making it ideal for environments where copper mineralization is secondary, and lead grades are low.   Improved Precious Metal Recovery: YX09510C significantly enhances the recovery rate of associated precious metals such as gold and silver. Its efficiency in extracting these valuable by-products adds substantial economic benefits to the mineral processing operations.   Excellence in Complex Lead Minerals: This collector shows outstanding performance in extracting complex lead minerals with high silver content, ensuring high recovery rates and optimal concentrate quality.   Economic Advantages: The use of YX09510C can significantly improve the recovery rate of mineral processing, translating to considerable economic benefits.   Minimal Activation of Pyrite and Magnetite: One of the standout features of YX09510C is its weak ability to capture pyrite and magnetite, ensuring that the primary focus remains on the desired sulfide minerals. This property is crucial for optimizing the purity and quality of the final concentrate.   Versatile Application: Suitable for a range of mining operations, YX09510C delivers exceptional selectivity and enhanced recovery rates, making it a versatile choice for various flotation processes. It provides excellent selectivity, improved recovery rates, and minimizes the activation of copper minerals.   User-Friendly: With a recommended dosage that varies based on the specific ore type and processing conditions, YX09510C is easy to integrate into existing flotation systems. Our experienced team is readily available to provide tailored solutions and technical support to ensure optimal performance.   In conclusion, Collector YX09510C is a highly effective and versatile flotation reagent that addresses the specific challenges associated with difficult multimetal sulfide ore flotation. Its unique characteristics and proven performance make it an invaluable asset for mining operations seeking to maximize recovery rates and economic returns. For customized solutions and technical support, our experienced team is always ready to assist you.  

  On June 27, Chemaf Resources Limited (CRL) announced that it has reached an agreement to sell the company, including its subsidiaries, to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Norin Mining Limited. This acquisition will provide Norin Mining with two copper-cobalt mining projects in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Etoile and Mutoshi. The proposed transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2024, pending the fulfillment of customary closing conditions.   Chemaf SA, founded in 2001, is a prominent operator and developer of copper and cobalt projects in the DRC. Over the past two decades, Chemaf has produced more than 300,000 tonnes of copper and 55,000 tonnes of cobalt hydroxide from the Etoile mine. The future of Chemaf lies in the expansion of the Etoile mine (Etoile Phase II) and the development of the new greenfield Mutoshi mine, both of which are in the late stages of development. These projects have the potential to collectively produce over 75,000 tonnes of copper and 20,000 tonnes of cobalt hydroxide annually.   CRL holds 94.68% of Chemaf's shares, with the remaining 5% held by the DRC government. CRL was founded by Chairman Shiraz Virji and is headquartered in Dubai. It is a subsidiary of the Chemaf Group, which in turn is part of the Shalina Group.   Norin Mining, an established mining and trading company, has a diverse portfolio of base metal projects across the African continent, including two existing projects in the DRC: Comika and Lamikal. In 2023, Norin Mining generated $4.3 billion in revenue from its mineral-related activities.   Jeremy Meynert, Chairman Shiraz Virji's advisor and Chemaf Group's advisor, commented: "After a highly competitive international auction process, we are delighted to have signed a deal with Norin Mining. This transaction will allow CRL and Chemaf to meet their obligations to existing lenders and creditors. Importantly, Chemaf has found a new owner with the experience and determination necessary to manage Shiraz Virji's assets and complete the Etoile Phase II and Mutoshi projects. Despite the numerous challenges Chemaf has faced over the past 12 months, the resilience of our management team, the dedication of our employees and contractors, and the support of our suppliers have enabled us to continue production at the Etoile mine while seeking new capital to advance the Etoile Phase II and Mutoshi development projects. Ongoing production has given us the time to secure the best possible deal for all stakeholders."   Chemaf founder and Chairman Shiraz Virji stated: "For over 20 years, Chemaf has been a proud family-owned business. Our operations have brought significant economic and social benefits to the communities where our projects are located and to the DRC as a whole through job creation, community, environmental, and healthcare programs, and the payment of royalties and taxes. I am immensely proud and grateful for the efforts of our team in establishing Chemaf as a leading copper and cobalt producer in the DRC. I also appreciate the professionalism and commitment of the Norin Mining team towards this transaction. Norin Mining has a strong track record in mining operations and development, particularly in the DRC, making them an ideal choice to bring Etoile Phase II and Mutoshi into production. I wish them every success and am confident that under their leadership, Chemaf will continue to contribute significantly to the economic and social development of the DRC."     Strategic Assessment and Investment Process In recent years, Chemaf has undertaken a significant expansion of its Etoile mine in Lubumbashi, Katanga Province, while developing the large greenfield Mutoshi mine in Kolwezi, Lualaba Province. Despite substantial investment exceeding $600 million, additional funding is required to complete these projects. The decline in copper and cobalt prices, impacting cash flow from the existing Etoile mine, combined with inflationary pressures in the global mining industry, has resulted in a funding shortfall. Consequently, in August 2023, CRL initiated a strategic review led by Jeremy Meynert.   After a comprehensive review of various financing options, CRL decided to pursue an equity investment process to secure direct investment at the CRL level, including the potential sale of the company. The equity investment process began in September 2023, focusing on finding an investor with a strong track record in responsible mining operations and project development to complete the Etoile Phase II and Mutoshi projects.   The company received significant interest from investors worldwide, ultimately leading to the proposed transaction with Norin Mining.   Transaction Overview Norin Mining's subsidiary, Kingco, has signed a share purchase agreement with the Chemaf Group to acquire all of Chemaf Group's shares in CRL. Chemaf will remain a subsidiary of CRL. Kingco has also agreed to acquire Shiraz Virji's direct shares in Chemaf.   The DRC government has approved the sale of CRL, which will result in an indirect change of control of Chemaf. The transaction remains subject to customary closing conditions, including approvals from Chemaf's partner Gecamines SA in Mutoshi and Chinese regulatory authorities.   The transaction consideration will primarily be allocated to CRL and Chemaf's lenders and creditors, with major lenders having signed settlement agreements.

  Copper oxide ores are an important mineral resource, and due to the unique properties of oxide minerals, their flotation process is quite complex. Understanding the flotation methods of copper oxide ores and their mixed ores is essential for improving copper recovery rates and economic efficiency. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the conventional flotation methods for copper oxide ores and discuss the characteristics of non-ferrous metal oxide ores and their impact on the flotation process.   Characteristics of Non-Ferrous Metal Oxide Ores   1. Complex Structure: Non-ferrous metal oxide ores have a complex structure and fine-grained dissemination, making them difficult to liberate during fine grinding, which often leads to the formation of slimes. 2. Diverse Composition: These ores often contain multiple types of oxide minerals within the same deposit, resulting in significant differences in floatability. 3. High Mud and Soluble Salts Content: These ores typically contain a large amount of mud and soluble salts. 4. Variable Properties: The properties of non-ferrous oxide ores vary greatly between different deposits, including differences in the degree of oxidation and ore characteristics.   Due to these characteristics, the flotation process of oxide ores is relatively difficult. Common types of copper oxide minerals include malachite, azurite, followed by chrysocolla and cuprite.     Flotation Methods for Copper Oxide Ores and Their Mixed Ores   1. Sulphidization Flotation: This is a common and straightforward process. Any oxidized copper ore that can be sulphidized can be processed using this method. Sulphidized oxidized minerals can be floated with xanthate collectors. The amount of sodium sulfide used for sulphidization should be controlled based on the amount of raw ore. Sodium sulfide and other sulphidizing agents should be added to the slurry in batches without prior mixing, as the sulphide film formed is unstable and can detach under intense agitation. The sulphidization rate increases as the slurry pH decreases. When the slurry contains a lot of mud, a dispersant such as sodium silicate should be added. Collectors like butyl xanthate or a combination of black reagents can be used for collection. The slurry pH should be maintained around 9, and if it drops too low, lime should be added for adjustment.   2.Organic Acid Flotation: This method can be used for the flotation of malachite and azurite. When gangue minerals are not carbonate minerals, this method can be used to treat non-ferrous metal oxide ores. Otherwise, the flotation selectivity is lost. If the gangue minerals contain a lot of floatable iron and manganese minerals, the flotation selectivity is lost, affecting the flotation indices. When using organic acid collectors, gangue mineral depressants (such as sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, and phosphates) and pH regulators should be added. Some concentrators also use a combined flotation method of sulphidization and organic acid flotation, first floating sulphide copper and part of the oxidized copper, then using organic acid to float the remaining oxidized copper.   3. Leaching-Precipitation-Flotation: This method is used when sulphidization and organic acid flotation are ineffective. Oxidized copper minerals dissolve easily and can be leached with sulfuric acid. The dissolved copper can be precipitated with iron powder, and the precipitated copper can then be floated. This method requires the ore to be ground to liberation, depending on the mineral particle size. A dilute sulfuric acid solution is used for leaching, with the amount adjusted based on ore properties. For difficult-to-leach ores, heating may be used to improve leaching efficiency. The entire flotation process is conducted in an acidic medium, and cresylic acid or di-xanthate can be used as collectors for copper.   4. Ammonia Leaching-Sulphidization-Flotation: For ores with a high content of basic minerals, acid leaching increases reagent consumption and production costs. Therefore, concentrators generally use ammonia leaching. After fine grinding, sulfur powder is added for ammonia leaching. Ammonia and carbon dioxide react with copper ions in oxidized copper ores, forming new sulphide copper particles, which are then floated. The pH of the slurry is maintained at 6.5-7.5. Standard sulphide copper flotation reagents are used, and the ammonia generated during the process should be promptly recovered to prevent environmental pollution.   5. Separation-Flotation: The ore of suitable particle size is mixed with coal powder and salt, then subjected to chloridizing reduction roasting at 700-800°C. Chloridized copper evaporates and is reduced to metallic copper, adsorbed onto coal particles, which are then floated to obtain the concentrate. This method is mainly used for refractory copper oxide ores and ores with high malachite and cuprite content, and it is particularly effective for ores with a high mud content.   6. Mixed Copper Ore Flotation: The flotation process for these ores should be determined based on beneficiation tests. The flotation process can involve floating sulphide and oxidized minerals together, or first floating sulphide minerals, followed by floating oxidized minerals from the tailings. The conditions for floating oxidized and sulphide copper minerals are similar, but as the content of oxides decreases, the amounts of sodium sulfide and collectors should be reduced accordingly.   In summary, there are many flotation methods for copper oxide ores, each with its applicable ore types and process characteristics. Choosing and optimizing these methods based on the specific ore properties and flotation indices can effectively improve the recovery rate and concentrate grade of copper oxide ores, maximizing economic benefits.     Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.