China Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. Company News

Heap leaching is a common method for gold extraction from ores, and the properties of the raw ore, including its mineralogical characteristics, associated minerals, and particle size distribution, significantly impact the efficiency of the heap leaching process.   1. Mineralogical Characteristics The raw material used in heap leaching consists of large ore blocks stacked on a pad. The leaching solution penetrates the ore surface, pores, and cleavage planes to contact and dissolve the gold. Therefore, ores with high porosity and well-developed cleavage facilitate the leaching process. Dense primary ores, however, are difficult to treat with heap leaching. In contrast, oxidized ores, which have undergone weathering, tend to become porous and permeable, making them more suitable for heap leaching.   Finer gold particles exhibit faster leaching rates, but these must be exposed for effective leaching. Coarser gold particles require longer leaching times, and their recovery rates are typically lower, making them less ideal for heap leaching. The shape of the gold particles also plays a crucial role; thin, exposed flakes leach more rapidly, whereas coarse, rounded particles leach more slowly. Gold particles with open pores on their surface leach more efficiently.   2. Associated Minerals The various mineral components within the ore influence the leaching process to different extents. Minerals that react with cyanide and oxygen in the leaching solution, or those that adsorb on the surface of gold particles, can hinder gold leaching by consuming cyanide and oxygen or purifying the gold surface.   Iron sulfide minerals, such as pyrite, marcasite, and pyrrhotite, can react chemically with cyanide and oxygen in the leaching solution, consuming these reagents. Intermediate products from these reactions also deplete the available oxygen and cyanide.   Arsenic-bearing minerals like arsenopyrite, realgar, orpiment, and arsenic trioxide can similarly react with oxygen and cyanide, reducing the effective chemical components in the leaching solution.   Copper and zinc minerals also react with cyanide, leading to its consumption. Antimony minerals may form deposits on gold particles, obstructing the leaching process. Excessive calcium oxide, used as a protective alkali, can form calcium peroxide on gold surfaces at high pH levels, further inhibiting leaching.   Ores containing carbonaceous minerals can adsorb the dissolved gold, leading to losses in the heap and reducing the overall gold recovery.   3. Ore Particle Size From a kinetic perspective, smaller particle sizes increase the exposed surface area of gold particles, enhancing contact between the solid and liquid phases and accelerating the leaching process.   However, overly fine particles can slow down the percolation rate of the leaching solution, negatively affecting the solid-liquid separation within the heap. In extreme cases, fine particles can block the uniform flow of the leaching solution, creating dead zones that impair leaching efficiency. Fine particles can also complicate the washing process, leading to the loss of gold-bearing solutions and extending the leaching time.     Y&X's widely recognized product, YX500 gold leaching reagent, serves as an eco-friendly alternative to the highly toxic sodium cyanide, effectively overcoming nearly all of its disadvantages. YX500 is already in industrial production and application. The innovative "combined leaching" and "on-site cleaning" technologies developed by Y&X ensure that tailing pond sludge is discharged according to environmental standards while maintaining high gold recovery rates.   Key advantages of YX500 include: 1. Low toxicity and environmental friendliness, offering enhanced safety in transportation, use, and storage. 2. As a standard chemical product, YX500 can be shipped via sea, rail, or road, greatly reducing transportation costs. 3. It can directly replace sodium cyanide without requiring any modifications to existing leaching processes. 4. YX500 enables faster leaching than sodium cyanide, cutting production cycles by 30%, which saves labor, reduces costs, and conserves water. 5. It provides excellent stability and improved carbon adsorption capacity, significantly boosting the performance of activated carbon and increasing gold recovery rates.   Click here for more details on the YX500!    

Afghanistan's 10 Million-Ton Giant Copper Mine Restarts Reuters, July 26 - The highly anticipated Mes Aynak copper mine project in central-eastern Afghanistan is set to restart, according to Afghan Foreign Ministry spokesman Homayoon Afghan. Mes Aynak is one of the world's largest undeveloped copper mines, containing over 10 million tons of copper. The project is expected to generate hundreds of millions of dollars in annual revenue for Afghanistan. Previously, the project had been stalled due to a range of complex issues, making its restart highly significant.   Australia Plans to Revise Mineral Resource Reporting Standards to Strengthen Domestic Exploration Market Management Bloomberg, August 1 - The Australian government has announced plans to amend the JORC Code (Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves) to further regulate the domestic exploration market and strengthen the management of mineral resource reporting. The draft of the new code will introduce additional environmental requirements and mandate that resource estimates for proposed mines be validated by qualified experts before becoming effective. Once approved, the revised code will apply to all locally listed companies. The JORC Code, one of the most recognized reporting standards in the international mining market, was developed by the Joint Ore Reserves Committee, comprising the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Australian Institute of Geoscientists, and the Minerals Council of Australia. The code, which covers exploration results, mineral resources, and ore reserves of solid minerals, was first published in 1989 and was last updated a decade ago.   Brazil Launches Key Mineral Resource Potential Assessment Program BNAmericas, July 29 - The Brazilian Geological Survey (SGB) has launched an initiative to explore the country's critical mineral potential. The program, named the Key Mineral Resource Potential Project, will utilize 3D magnetic inversion and machine learning technologies to assess key mineral resources in various regions of Brazil, including Upper Floresta in Mato Grosso, Tapajós in Pará, and Araçuaí in Minas Gerais. The SGB plans to reprocess previously published 500-meter interval aeromagnetic survey results using 3D inversion and machine learning, aiming to complete eight 1:100,000 scale maps each month. This initiative is expected to be a significant step towards diversifying Brazil's mining industry.  

The processing mineralogy of refractory gold ores reveals that the reasons behind the hindrance of cyanidation of gold are primarily due to the state of gold occurrence and the mineral composition. These reasons can be categorized into two major types: physical encapsulation and chemical interference.   What is Physical Encapsulation? Physical encapsulation refers to gold being finely disseminated or encapsulated in other primary minerals, making it highly dispersed and difficult to extract. The main host minerals encapsulating gold are pyrite and arsenopyrite, followed by sulfides of copper, lead, and zinc. While encapsulated gold is less commonly found in quartz and sulfates, its recovery from quartz and silicates remains economically unviable.   This type of refractory gold ore is the most significant and well-studied, with considerable research focused on finding effective solutions. Notably, the main host minerals such as pyrite and arsenopyrite, which encapsulate gold, are also key factors in causing chemical interference.   What is Chemical Interference? Chemical interference occurs when substances in the ore consume cyanide and oxygen or adsorb gold, thereby hindering the cyanidation process. Specific types of chemical interference include:   1. Sulphide Minerals: Various sulfide minerals in gold ores consume cyanide. 2. Oxygen-Consuming Minerals: Minerals that consume oxygen during decomposition. 3. Carbonaceous Materials: Substances that adsorb dissolved gold complexes, causing "preg-robbing" phenomena similar to activated carbon. 4. Protective Films: Minerals like arsenic, antimony, and lead that dissolve to form compounds or colloids, creating protective films on gold particles, hindering extraction. 5. Insoluble Compounds: Gold present in insoluble compounds or forms. 6. Passivation: Gold dissolution is passivated when in contact with other conductive minerals.   Among these, high-arsenic, high-sulfur, and high-carbon sulfide ores are the most common and challenging globally. Methods to Improve Refractory Gold Ore Treatment To enhance the treatment of refractory gold ores, several methods can be employed: 1. Mechanical Methods: Breaking down encapsulating materials to liberate gold. 2. Pretreatment Before Cyanidation: Oxidizing and decomposing primary minerals to release encapsulated gold and remove interfering components. Techniques include oxidative roasting, pressure oxidation, and bacterial oxidation. 3. Non-Cyanide Leaching Methods: Avoiding the adverse effects of interfering substances by using alternatives such as thiosulfate or thiourea leaching. 4. Enhanced Cyanidation: Improving the cyanidation process through methods like pressure cyanidation, addition of oxidants, or using chemicals to neutralize harmful components.   In recent years, the number of gold mines adopting these treatment technologies has increased rapidly. However, oxidative roasting, pressure oxidation, and bacterial pre-oxidation remain the most common methods in research and practical applications.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in efficient, eco-friendly beneficiation solutions for metal and non-metallic ores. With expertise in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, palladium, bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we tailor our advanced methods and high-efficiency reagents to your specific needs. Our goal is to maximize your benefits and provide comprehensive, one-stop solutions. We look forward to a successful partnership with you.

After a week of turbulence and decline, the gold and silver markets have finally turned around. According to the latest market data, COMEX gold and silver prices both showed significant rebounds on Tuesday, July 30, bringing new hope to investors.   Significant Gains for Gold and Silver Specifically, COMEX gold prices rose by 1.26% to close at $2,456 per ounce. This increase not only halted the previous downward trend but also indicated a gradual recovery in market confidence. Meanwhile, COMEX silver prices performed even better, with a rise of 2.38%, closing at $28.53 per ounce, showing stronger rebound momentum. In night trading, gold and silver prices continued to rise, with gold up by 0.77% and silver up by 2.18%, further consolidating the day's gains.   Market Sentiment and Factors Driving the Rebound Last week, gold and silver prices were under pressure from various factors, including the fading of interest rate cut expectations and a widespread risk-averse sentiment, leading to noticeable price drops. As market sentiment gradually stabilizes and negative factors are digested, investor expectations for the gold and silver markets have started to warm up. This shift is reflected not only in the price rebound but also in the gradual recovery of market confidence and the stabilization of trading activities.   The current rebound in gold and silver prices is mainly due to expectations of global economic recovery, heightened geopolitical risks, and technical support factors.   Firstly, optimistic expectations for global economic recovery continue to support precious metals like gold and silver. Although interest rate cut expectations have diminished, global monetary easing policies are likely to persist, helping to maintain stable gold and silver prices.   Secondly, increasing geopolitical risks have also provided upward momentum for gold and silver prices. The international turmoil has led investors to seek relatively safer assets, with precious metals like gold and silver being highly favored for their safe-haven attributes. This increased demand for safety has directly driven up gold and silver prices.   Additionally, technical factors have also played a role in the price rebound. After a period of decline, gold and silver prices have reached relatively low levels, with technical overselling providing an opportunity for a rebound. Moreover, some investors are taking this chance to bottom-fish, further driving up prices.   Looking ahead, the outlook for gold and silver prices remains cautiously optimistic. As global economic recovery continues and monetary easing policies persist, precious metals are likely to retain their appeal as safe-haven assets. Investors will be closely watching economic indicators and central bank policies for further guidance. With the recent rebound, market participants can hope for a more stable and potentially upward trend in the gold and silver markets.      

Process flow testing is generally conducted before the preliminary design of a beneficiation plant or the modification of existing technology. These tests provide a reference for the design or technical renovation of the plant. Typically, laboratory tests are conducted first, followed by planning based on the results to determine if semi-industrial or industrial tests are necessary.   The testing process for beneficiation procedures is usually developed by a research unit, which also collects the necessary data. If conditions allow, the testing, design, and production departments can collaborate to finalize the test details.   I. General Content of Data Collection before Beneficiation A. Understanding the Task and Client Requirements 1. Determine the scale and service life of the beneficiation plant. 2. Identify the main useful components and associated comprehensive utilization issues. 3. Outline the stages of testing and the required completion date. 4. Specify whether the plant will process ore from a single deposit or multiple deposits and types. 5. Note any special requirements for the chemical composition, grade, and particle size of the concentrate. 6. Analyze the supply and performance of water sources, beneficiation reagents, and roasting fuels in the plant area.   B. Geology-Related Information 1. Identify the type of deposit, geological reserves, orebody characteristics, ore types, grade features, mineralization patterns, and surrounding rock variations. 2. Perform a prospect evaluation and design a sampling strategy.   C. Mining Design Information 1. Outline mining development plans and methods. 2. Describe the co-mining or selective mining of different ore types. 3. Provide the rate of dilution and the grade of extracted ore. 4. Detail the ore type ratios and average grades for the designed mining area, and the planned ore type ratios and average grades for the next 5-10 years.   D. Beneficiation Information 1. Specify any special requirements for testing from the beneficiation design. 2. Review worldwide test research and production practices for similar ores. 3. Identify potential advanced technologies that could be applied.   II. Main Content of Beneficiation Process Flow Testing A. Ore Properties Research Understanding ore properties is crucial for selecting a beneficiation scheme and defining the plant design. This includes: 1. Spectroscopic qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis. 2. Comprehensive chemical analysis, mineral identification, phase analysis, size analysis, magnetic analysis, heavy liquid analysis, fire assay, grindability tests, and various physical properties (specific gravity, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, moisture content, true and bulk densities, angle of repose, friction angle, hardness, viscosity, etc.).   B. Beneficiation Methods, Flow Structures, Indicators, and Process Conditions These aspects directly influence the plant design and must be carefully considered to ensure reliable beneficiation indicators. For complex ores or those with limited beneficiation practice, exploratory tests should precede the testing program. The program should include schemes based on successful production practices and new technologies with proven potential for practical application. Multiple testing schemes should be considered for technical and economic comparisons, with detailed analysis of 1-2 key flow schemes.   Process conditions should be optimized by identifying their influencing factors and determining the best range for key operations. The flow structure should include the number of grinding and separation stages, roughing, cleaning, and scavenging operations, and mass flow diagrams. Slurry flow diagrams should be provided if necessary.   C. Analysis of Beneficiation Outputs Various analyses (spectral, chemical, fire assay, phase, size, mineral identification) should be conducted on concentrate, middling, and tailings to address issues such as: 1. Low concentrate grade, low recovery rates, unmet chromite/manganese ratios. 2. Enrichment directions of certain co-occurring elements. 3. The performance of certain beneficiation operations and new technologies for different minerals.   Output properties like chemical composition, size characteristics, true and bulk densities, and sedimentation rates of concentrate and tailings are fundamental data for plant design.   D. Special Test Items Special test items may be required based on user and design unit requests, such as flotation with recycled water, purification of beneficiation wastewater, filtration of flotation concentrate, utilization of off-spec ore, and supplementary tests after production trials.   III. Research on Beneficiation Methods and Process Testing 1. Research on Beneficiation Methods: Due to advances in beneficiation technology, multiple methods may be available for treating a single ore type. Comparative testing of different methods should be conducted based on ore properties, product quality requirements, and construction conditions to select the most suitable method.   2. Separation Condition Testing: Flotation: Tests should include grinding fineness, slurry concentration, temperature, pH, reagent regime, stirring, and flotation time. Additional tests may cover recycled water use, water quality, reagent removal, desliming, air pressure, and air volume. Magnetic Separation: Tests should include magnetic induction intensity, material entry particle size, capacity, classification versus non-classification. For dry weak magnetic separation, additional tests on the impact of ore moisture and washing on separation indicators are needed. For wet strong magnetic separation, tests should cover slurry concentration, washing water pressure and volume, medium plate gap, rotation speed, and the aggregation of strongly magnetic minerals. Gravity Separation: Tests should include feed quantity, particle size and range, slurry concentration (solid-liquid ratio), washing water pressure and volume, feed and discharge methods, and cut-off position. Specific equipment parameters should also be tested. Comparison Tests of Major Raw Materials for Mineral Processing Reagents, Fuels, and Media: These tests should be conducted in conjunction with different mineral processing methods and equipment trials. They involve comparing the types, performance, specifications, consumption, and beneficiation effects of the main reagents, fuels, and media used. The goal is to select varieties that offer good beneficiation indicators, are cost-effective, have abundant sources, and cause minimal environmental pollution or are easy to manage.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.  

Introducing DC550i, an innovative Copper-Sulfur Depressant designed to optimize the copper-molybdenum separation process. This highly efficient inhibitor boasts a selective action against copper and sulfur, making it especially suitable for high-sulfur copper-molybdenum ores. Here’s why DC550i stands out in mineral processing:   Key Advantages of DC550i Eco-Friendly and Non-Toxic: Unlike traditional reagents like sodium sulfide (Na2S) or sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), DC550i is a green, environmentally friendly chemical that is safe to use and store. It poses no toxic risk, ensuring a safer working environment.   Ready-to-Use Liquid Form: DC550i can be utilized directly in its original liquid form or diluted with water, based on site-specific conditions. This not only saves time but also reduces labor and operational costs.   Superior Inhibition with Lower Dosage: DC550i offers exceptional copper inhibition efficiency, requiring only about 50% of the dosage needed for traditional sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide treatments. This results in significant cost savings and enhanced processing performance.     Applications and Functionality Applicable Minerals: DC550i is ideal for copper-molybdenum sulfide ore and high-sulfur metallic ores. It effectively inhibits minerals such as chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, ensuring a high-quality separation process.   Function: As a robust inhibitor for copper-molybdenum separation, DC550i excels in strong and selective inhibition of copper and sulfur. It is particularly effective in high-sulfur environments, providing efficient and reliable results with minimal dosage.     By incorporating DC550i into your mineral processing workflow, you gain a competitive edge through its environmental benefits, operational simplicity, and cost-efficiency. Elevate your copper-molybdenum separation process with DC550i – the future of eco-friendly mineral processing.

On July 16, Montage Gold Corp., a Canadian-listed company, announced a brokered private placement of up to 97,142,857 common shares at a price of CAD 1.75 per share, raising total funds of up to CAD 170 million. This includes a strategic investment of CAD 57.3 million (approximately 300 million yuan) from Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd., giving it a 9.9% stake. The Lundin Family Trust is also increasing its holdings.   Montage Gold, headquartered in Vancouver, Canada, has its flagship Koné Gold Project located in northwest Côte d'Ivoire. The project includes two deposits, Koné and Gbongogo, 35 km apart, situated within the Birimian Baoule-Mossi domain of the West African Craton. According to a January 2024 estimate, the Koné deposit has an ore reserve of 174 million tons with an average grade of 0.72 g/t, containing 4.01 million ounces (125 tons) of gold. At the end of 2023, resources for both deposits were estimated, with Koné at a cut-off grade of 0.20 g/t containing 4.74 million ounces (147 tons) and Gbongogo at a cut-off grade of 0.50 g/t containing 520,000 ounces (16 tons).   A feasibility study published this year identifies the Koné project as one of Africa's top-quality gold projects, with a mine life of 16 years and an all-in sustaining cost (AISC) of USD 998 per ounce. The average annual production for the first 8 years exceeds 300,000 ounces (9.3 tons). In this fundraising round, Zijin plans to purchase 32,714,829 common shares, resulting in a 9.9% stake in Montage post-issuance. The Lundin Family Trust plans to buy 24,588,865 common shares, increasing its stake from 17.7% to 19.9%. Company insiders also intend to participate in the issuance. Net proceeds from the fundraising will be used for the development of the Koné project, exploration, working capital, and general corporate purposes. Subject to all necessary regulatory and other approvals, the fundraising is expected to complete during the week of August 12, 2024.   Martino De Ciccio, CEO of Montage Gold, stated: "Following Zijin Mining's thorough due diligence and site visit, as well as the Lundin family's increased investment in Montage, we are pleased to welcome Zijin Mining as a major shareholder. These investments enhance our ability to achieve our strategy of becoming a top multi-asset gold producer in Africa and validate the potential of our Koné Gold Project in Côte d'Ivoire. With a strengthened balance sheet, we will be able to swiftly unlock value for our stakeholders, advance the Koné project with construction anticipated to commence in Q1 2025, and continue our exploration strategy to delineate high-grade targets that can be incorporated into the mine plan at the start of operations."   Source: montagegold.com

Contents: 1. Classification of Gold-Copper Ores and Corresponding Beneficiation Processes 2. Considerations and Operational Methods for Cyanidation-Flotation Processes in Gold-Copper Ores 3. Comparative Analysis of Three Flotation Processes for Gold-Copper Ores 4. Re-Flotation of Tailings from Gold-Copper Beneficiation Equipment 5. Optimization of Reprocessing Flotation Tailings from Gold-Copper Ores   1. Classification of Gold-Copper Ores and Corresponding Beneficiation Processes: Gold-copper ores are divided into sulfide and oxide types, each requiring different beneficiation methods due to their distinct properties.   In sulfide ores, the primary metallic minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite, with minor minerals including arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcocite, and bornite. Gangue minerals include quartz, sericite, and plagioclase. Gold is closely associated with chalcopyrite and also occurs in pyrite and other sulfides, with minimal presence in gangue. The main method for processing these ores is flotation to produce a mixed concentrate of gold, copper, and sulfur, which is then separated by flotation to obtain gold-copper and gold-sulfur concentrates. The gold-copper concentrate is sent to a smelter for comprehensive recovery, while the gold-sulfur concentrate can be cyanide leached and then smelted to recover gold. If the gold particle size is coarse, mercury amalgamation and gravity separation can be added before flotation to recover coarse gold.   Gold-copper oxide ores contain iron hydroxide and copper oxide minerals, making them difficult to process. When using a flotation-cyanidation combined process, the flotation recovery of gold-bearing iron hydroxide is challenging, and copper minerals affect cyanidation, resulting in poor recovery. A combined beneficiation and smelting process is preferred: first, recover gold-bearing sulfides by flotation, then use different reagents to recover copper oxides and gold-coated surfaces, and finally, acid leach to recover cleaned copper and gold-bearing sulfides.     2. Considerations and Operational Methods for Cyanidation-Flotation Processes in Gold-Copper Ores: Copper minerals associated with gold, except for a few like chalcopyrite and chrysocolla, have high solubility in cyanide solutions. Soluble copper competes with gold for cyanide and oxygen, hindering gold dissolution. Therefore, beneficiation equipment should adjust the process based on the copper content in the ore.   For ores with low soluble copper content, cyanide consumption can be increased if economically feasible. Operations should be conducted at lower temperatures and cyanide concentrations, as copper dissolution rates increase with higher temperatures and cyanide concentrations. Segmental addition of cyanide helps control dissolution rates, ensuring gold recovery while minimizing cyanide consumption.     3. Comparative Analysis of Three Flotation Processes for Gold-Copper Ores: Preferential flotation process: Sequentially produces gold-copper concentrate, iron sulfide concentrate, and tailings. Mixed flotation process: More likely to produce discarded tailings compared to the preferential process. Iso-flotation process: Separates easy-to-float gold-sulfides from difficult-to-float gold-sulfides. Each process requires different conditions due to varying floatability. For difficult-to-float gold-sulfides, increased collector dosage ensures thorough recovery. During separation flotation of mixed concentrates, only small amounts of depressants are needed as easy-to-float pyrite particles are already absent. The iso-flotation process requires more equipment than the other two but offers high flotation indices and reduced reagent consumption.   4. Re-Flotation of Tailings from Gold-Copper Beneficiation Equipment: To fully utilize gold-copper resources, various leaching methods can be applied to tailings for comprehensive recovery. For instance, using dilute sulfuric acid to leach copper, followed by iron replacement to obtain sponge copper, with the resulting copper-depleted residue cyanide leached for gold. This method is also applicable for treating gold-copper concentrates.   For ores with high copper content (e.g., >0.3%), where cyanide consumption is economically unfeasible, flotation can be used to obtain copper concentrate, followed by cyanidation of the tailings for gold recovery.     5. Optimization of Reprocessing Flotation Tailings from Gold-Copper Ores: To increase the value of reprocessed flotation tailings, three trials were conducted: industrial roughing tests on fixed chutes, laboratory re-grinding and flotation tests of rough concentrate, and laboratory re-grinding and full-slime cyanidation leaching tests of rough concentrate. The results suggest two options for reprocessing: chute roughing followed by flotation, or chute roughing followed by cyanidation. The former increases grinding and flotation costs, while the latter increases grinding and leaching costs. The optimal process should be determined through detailed economic and technical comparison. The beneficiation plant should use targeted special collectors to improve flotation recovery rates based on a single-stage grinding-flotation process.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in efficient, eco-friendly reagents for metal and non-metal ore beneficiation. With extensive experience in ores like copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, palladium, bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized, advanced solutions to maximize your benefits. Committed to providing one-stop beneficiation services, we look forward to a successful partnership with you.  

Contents: What Is Flocculant? What Makes Polyacrylamide Flocculant Effective? When Should We Use Flocculant? How Is Flocculant Applied? Why Is Flocculant Important? Conclusion   What Is Flocculant? Flocculant is a crucial reagent in the wastewater treatment industry, designed to aid in the aggregation and removal of suspended particles from liquids through the process of flocculation. Among these, polyacrylamide flocculant stands out due to its water-soluble polymer nature, which is not soluble in most organic solvents. This characteristic makes it highly effective in flocculation processes. Polyacrylamide flocculant possesses exceptional flocculation properties, which are beneficial across various applications including mining tailings treatment, urban wastewater management, and sludge dewatering.   What Makes Polyacrylamide Flocculant Effective? Polyacrylamide flocculant works by neutralizing the charges on suspended particles in wastewater, causing them to clump together into larger aggregates, or "flocs," through flocculation. These flocs then settle out of the liquid, facilitating their removal. The effectiveness of this flocculant is attributed to its high molecular weight and unique ionic properties, which can be non-ionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric. Each type is suited to specific treatment needs, depending on the nature of the wastewater and the particles involved. When Should We Use Flocculant? Flocculant should be used when there is a need to remove suspended particles from wastewater efficiently. It is particularly useful when dealing with high volumes of suspended solids or when the particles are difficult to settle by gravity alone. The timing of flocculant addition is critical; it is often introduced after primary treatment stages where large debris is removed, but before final clarification and filtration stages. In processes where rapid settling and clear separation of solids and liquids are required, flocculant plays a vital role. It is also essential during sludge dewatering to improve the consistency and reduce the volume of sludge.   How Is Flocculant Applied? Flocculant can be applied through several methods, including direct addition to wastewater, incorporation into belt filter presses for sludge dewatering, and dosing systems. The choice of application method depends on the specific requirements of the treatment process and the type of wastewater being treated. Proper mixing and dosing are essential to achieve optimal flocculation and ensure that the flocculant performs effectively.   Where Is Flocculant Used? Flocculant finds its applications in diverse environments across multiple industries. It is integral in mining operations for treating tailings, in municipal wastewater facilities for treating urban sewage, and in industrial settings for managing wastewater from various manufacturing processes. Its versatility makes it suitable for a broad range of applications including paper mill wastewater, textile dyeing, automotive spraying, and stone factory wastewater treatment.   Why Is Flocculant Important? The importance of flocculant in wastewater treatment lies in its ability to enhance the efficiency of the treatment process through effective flocculation. By facilitating the aggregation and removal of suspended particles, flocculant improves the clarity of the treated water and reduces the environmental impact of wastewater discharge. Its use helps in meeting regulatory standards for water quality and promotes sustainable practices in various industries.   Polyacrylamide flocculant from Y&X offers reliable and efficient flocculation for wastewater treatment. Its special formulation ensures effective aggregation and removal of suspended particles, making it suitable for various industries, including mining and wastewater management. With Y&X’s extensive experience and commitment to quality, our flocculant helps achieve cleaner, clearer water and promotes sustainable practices.     Conclusion Polyacrylamide flocculant is a vital component in the wastewater treatment process, offering significant benefits across multiple applications. Its ability to improve flocculation efficiency and adapt to different ionic conditions makes it indispensable in managing and treating wastewater effectively.

In 2023, the world's top ten gold mining companies were ranked by gold production. Except for Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Company, production data is based on full-year company press releases as of December 31, 2023.   1. Newmont, 5.5 million ounces Despite an 8% decline in production compared to 2022, Newmont remains the largest gold producer, with operations spanning four continents and producing 5.5 million ounces. Last year, Newmont spent $17 billion to acquire Newcrest Mining, significantly expanding its operations in Australia and Canada and solidifying its position as the world's largest gold miner.   2. Barrick Gold, 4.05 million ounces Barrick Gold's 2023 production was 4.05 million ounces, slightly down from the previous year (-2.1%) and below its forecast and analysts' expectations. Unlike Newmont's major moves, Barrick's CEO has repeatedly denied plans for any large-scale acquisitions, stating the company will focus on organic growth, with expansion plans in the Dominican Republic and Nevada.   3. Agnico Eagle, 3.44 million ounces In stark contrast to the "big two," Agnico Eagle's production grew by nearly 10%, thanks to its acquisition of the remaining stake in Canada's largest open-pit gold mine, Canadian Malartic, and the mines acquired from Kirkland Lake Gold in 2022. Besides consolidating its production in Canada, Agnico Eagle is also investing in growth projects in Finland, where its Kittila operation runs Europe's largest primary gold mine.   4. Navoi (NMMC), 2.9 million ounces Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Company (NMMC) is Uzbekistan's largest industrial enterprise with a rich history of gold production. Although NMMC reports annual production in monetary terms, according to data from S&P Global, its 2023 production totaled 2.9 million ounces, enough to maintain its position among the top four producers.   5. Polyus, 2.9 million ounces In 2023, Polyus's production increased by 14%, reaching 2.9 million ounces, with refined gold accounting for 2.48 million ounces and the rest from flotation concentrate. Like many other Russian companies, this Moscow-based gold company faced Western sanctions last year, forcing it to gradually wind down its mining operations.   6. AngloGold Ashanti, 2.59 million ounces AngloGold's production in 2023 fell by 3% year-over-year due to reduced processed ore volumes and lower ore grades. Equipment failures at one of its mines in Ghana also contributed to the production decline. Despite facing floods in Australia, the Johannesburg-based gold miner maintains a 2024 production target of 2.79 million ounces.   7. Gold Fields, 2.3 million ounces In 2023, Gold Fields' production once again lagged behind its South African peer, dropping by 4% compared to the previous year. At the end of last year, the company sold its 45% stake in the Asanko gold mine in Ghana to its joint venture partner Galiano Gold. However, the company’s new Salares Norte mine in Chile, which saw its first gold pour in April after years of delays, is expected to offset the production loss. Rumors of merger talks between Gold Fields and AngloGold seemed to have been confirmed as the two companies formed a joint venture in Ghana in March last year.   8. Zijin Mining, 2.17 million ounces Zijin Mining's gold production increased by 20% year-over-year, making it China's largest publicly traded gold mining company and placing it among the top eight gold mining companies worldwide. The group continues to actively seek acquisitions to enhance its production capacity.   9. Kinross Gold, 2.15 million ounces In 2023, Kinross's production (including gold equivalent) increased by nearly 10% compared to the previous year. This Canadian mining company is set to add a new production source, with its Manh Choh project in Alaska scheduled for first production this month.   10. Freeport-McMoRan, 1.99 million ounces The U.S.-based Freeport-McMoRan saw its gold production grow by nearly 10% in 2023. Known for its copper operations, the company currently operates the Grasberg copper-gold mine in Indonesia, one of the largest gold mines in the world.   Honorable Mention: Solidcore Resources, 1.71 million ounces (gold equivalent) Previously known as Polymetal International, Solidcore Resources maintained stable gold equivalent production last year. Since facing U.S. sanctions, the group has been forced to sell most of its Russian assets, which accounted for about 70% of its production.   *Source: Mining.com