China Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. Company News

Author: Y&X     In the evolving field of mineral processing, efficiency and innovation are essential. Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. has responded to this trend by developing a new generation of high-efficiency flotation reagents, specifically tailored for ilmenite and spodumene ores. These reagents not only improve mineral recovery rates and concentrate grades but also offer environmentally friendly alternatives that help reduce operational costs and minimize ecological impact. In this article, we discuss the benefits and features of Y&X's flotation reagents and how they contribute to the beneficiation of these critical minerals. Discover how our solutions can enhance your mineral processing operations, supporting both productivity and sustainability in today's market.   What are the Advantages of Y&X's New Generation Ilmenite Collectors? Through continuous technological research and innovation, we have successfully developed a new generation of ilmenite flotation reagents with the following remarkable advantages: High Recovery Rate and Selectivity: The synergistic effect of multiple components ensures stable flotation froth with minimal entrainment, balancing recovery rate and selectivity. This results in the efficient recovery of target minerals, maximizing both economic benefits for enterprises.   Reduced Recleaning and Sulfuric Acid Consumption: Special components enable selective collection of ilmenite, reducing the number of recleaning steps, simplifying the process, and lowering production costs. For example, in the case of an ilmenite ore with a grade of 15% from Sichuan, using conventional collectors requires four recleaning steps, with the slurry pH adjusted to 1-2, to obtain a concentrate with a grade exceeding 46.5%. However, with our company's new Y&X ilmenite collector, only two recleaning steps are needed, with the slurry pH adjusted to 3-4, to achieve a concentrate grade exceeding 46.5%. This not only reduces ilmenite losses during recleaning but also significantly improves production efficiency.   Non-Toxic and Easily Degradable: All components of the collectors are made from non-toxic, biodegradable materials, reducing the pollution of flotation reagents to water bodies and preventing the excessive accumulation of flotation reagents in recycled water, which can deteriorate production indicators.   How Does Y&X's New Generation High-Efficiency Spodumene Flotation Reagent Effectively Address Market Challenges? Driven by the global energy revolution, the demand for lithium has rapidly increased. As one of the primary sources of lithium, the recovery technology of spodumene has attracted significant attention in the mineral processing community. In response to the numerous challenges faced by traditional spodumene flotation reagents in improving recovery rates and concentrate grades, Y&X has developed a new generation of spodumene flotation reagents. These reagents not only significantly enhance the recovery rate and grade of spodumene but also reduce the environmental impact during the beneficiation process, helping enterprises achieve a win-win situation in terms of production efficiency and sustainable development. What are the Features of Y&X's New Spodumene Collectors? Excellent Collecting Performance: After extensive testing and optimization, the new spodumene collectors rapidly form strong bonds with the active sites on the spodumene surface, increasing the hydrophobicity of mineral particles. The froth is stable and non-sticky, resulting in efficient mineral flotation and maximum lithium recovery.   Wide Ore Adaptability: Whether dealing with low-grade spodumene ores or complex polymetallic ores, the new collectors demonstrate excellent adaptability and stability, maintaining superior collecting performance under various ore conditions, ensuring high efficiency and stability in the beneficiation process.   Eco-Friendly and Easily Degradable: These reagents minimize pollution to water bodies and prevent excessive accumulation of flotation reagents in recycled water, which could otherwise lead to the deterioration of production indicators. Learn more   Summary Through ongoing technological research and innovation, Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. has introduced a new generation of high-efficiency flotation reagents specifically designed to tackle the challenges in the beneficiation of ilmenite and spodumene. These new reagents not only significantly improve mineral recovery rates and concentrate grades but also reduce production costs and environmental impact. For ilmenite, our reagents offer high selectivity and stability, reducing the number of recleaning steps and sulfuric acid usage. For spodumene, the new collectors exhibit excellent collecting performance and broad ore adaptability, helping enterprises address market challenges and achieve efficient and sustainable production.   As a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is committed to offering high-efficiency, environmentally friendly flotation reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, palladium, and other rare metals, as well as bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we provide customized solutions to ensure maximum benefits for our customers. Y&X looks forward to a successful partnership with you in achieving beneficiation excellence.  

  1. Grinding Fineness Test The exposure of monomer gold or bare gold surface is a prerequisite for cyanide leaching or new non-toxic leaching methods. Increasing the grinding fineness appropriately can enhance the leaching rate. However, over-grinding not only raises milling costs but also increases the likelihood of leachable impurities entering the leach solution, leading to the loss of cyanide or leaching agents and dissolved gold. To determine the appropriate grinding fineness, a grinding fineness test must be conducted first.   2. Pretreatment Agent Selection Test Gold ore leaching often requires pretreatment agent selection tests. Common agents like calcium peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, citric acid, and lead nitrate are compared with conventional methods where no pretreatment agent is used, aiming to determine if pretreatment is necessary. Calcium peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium peroxide are stable and widely used multifunctional inorganic peroxides, characterized by prolonged oxygen release, which helps improve gold leaching rates in leach slurry. Hydrogen peroxide and citric acid supply sufficient oxygen during the leaching process as the main oxygen-generating agents. Lead nitrate’s lead ions (in appropriate amounts) can destroy the passivation film on gold during cyanide leaching, speeding up gold dissolution, reducing cyanidation time, and increasing the leaching rate.   3. Protective Alkali and Lime Dosage Test To stabilize the sodium cyanide solution or non-toxic leaching agents and minimize chemical losses, a suitable amount of alkali must be added to the leach to maintain a certain slurry alkalinity. Within a certain range, as alkali concentration increases, the gold leaching rate remains constant while the leaching agent dosage decreases accordingly. However, excessive alkalinity slows gold dissolution and reduces the leaching rate, necessitating determining the optimal alkali dosage and slurry pH. In tests and production, widely available and low-cost lime is usually used as the leaching protective alkali. This helps determine the specific dosage needed for practical production.   4. Leaching Agent Dosage Test In the gold leaching process, the leaching agent dosage is directly proportional to the gold leaching rate within a certain range. However, excessively high dosages not only raise production costs but also have little impact on further increasing the leaching rate. Therefore, based on the grinding fineness test, a leaching agent dosage test is conducted to determine the optimal dosage, further lowering agent consumption and production costs.   Click here to get more details of low-toxic cyanide alternative YX500!      5. Leaching Time Test To achieve high leaching rates, extending leaching time is a common practice, allowing complete gold dissolution and maximizing leaching efficiency. As leaching time increases, the gold leaching rate gradually rises until it stabilizes. However, prolonged leaching time also dissolves and accumulates other impurities in the slurry, hindering gold dissolution. A leaching time test is conducted to determine the optimal duration. 6. Slurry Concentration Test During leaching, the slurry concentration directly affects the gold leaching rate and speed. Higher concentrations result in higher viscosity and lower fluidity, reducing both the gold leaching rate and speed. Conversely, too low a concentration increases leaching efficiency but also necessitates larger equipment and higher investment, while proportionally increasing reagent dosages and production costs. A slurry concentration test is conducted to determine the optimal leach slurry concentration.   7. Activated Carbon Pretreatment Test For the carbon-in-leach (CIL) method, hard and wear-resistant activated carbon must be used to avoid fine carbon particles entering the tailings due to abrasion during stirring, leading to gold loss and reduced recovery rates. The test typically uses coconut shell activated carbon with a particle size of 6-40 mesh. The pretreatment conditions involve a water-to-carbon ratio of 5:1, stirring for 4 hours at 1700 RPM. The carbon is then screened using 6-mesh and 16-mesh sieves, removing fine particles below 16 mesh. The selected carbon (6-16 mesh) is used for carbon leaching and adsorption tests.   8. Base Carbon Density Test In gold ore leaching tests, 6-16 mesh coconut shell activated carbon is usually selected to adsorb and recover dissolved gold, yielding gold-loaded carbon, which is then subjected to mature carbon desorption and electrowinning to produce finished gold. The base carbon density directly impacts adsorption efficiency. A base carbon density test is conducted to determine the optimal density.   9. Carbon Adsorption Time Test To determine the appropriate carbon leaching (adsorption) time and minimize wear on gold-loaded carbon, a pre-leaching and carbon leaching (adsorption) time test is needed after determining the total leaching time.   10. Comprehensive Carbon Leaching Process Test To verify the stability of the carbon leaching process and the reproducibility of test results, a comprehensive parallel test of the entire carbon leaching process is conducted. After determining the optimal conditions in the above nine tests, the final integrated validation test is performed. This completes a full-scale test study for carbon slurry leaching in gold ore processing. Depending on actual production needs, additional tests may include tailings (barren solution) recycling trials or measuring carbon leaching residue settling rates.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.  

On August 12, South African gold developer Gold Fields Limited announced that it had reached a definitive agreement with Canadian TSX-listed company Osisko Mining to acquire all of Osisko's common shares for CAD 2.16 billion (approximately USD 1.57 billion). This acquisition would give Gold Fields full ownership of the Windfall Gold Project in Quebec, which is currently equally co-owned by both companies.   This acquisition represents the latest move in diversifying the Johannesburg-headquartered company's operations outside its home country. Two years ago, Gold Fields attempted to acquire another Canadian gold mining company, Yamana Gold, but was unsuccessful.     About Gold Fields Limited Gold Fields is a globally diversified gold producer with nine mines in Australia, South Africa, Ghana, Chile, and Peru, and one project in Canada. In 2023, the company's total annual gold equivalent production was 2.3 million ounces (71.5 tons). It has gold ore reserves of 46.1 million ounces (1,434 tons), proven and probable gold mineral reserves of 46.1Moz, measured and indicated gold mineral resources (excluding ore reserves) of 31.1 million ounces (967 tons), and inferred gold mineral resources of 11.2 million ounces (348 tons).   About Osisko Osisko is a mineral exploration company focused on the acquisition, exploration, and development of precious metal resource assets in Canada. Osisko holds a 50% interest in the high-grade Windfall Gold Project located between Val-d'Or and Chibougamau in Quebec and a 50% interest in large land packages in the surrounding Urban Barry area and nearby Quévillon region.   Transaction Overview Gold Fields has agreed to acquire Osisko's shares for CAD 4.90 per share in an all-cash deal. This offer values Osisko's fully diluted equity at approximately CAD 2.16 billion (USD 1.57 billion), with an enterprise value of CAD 1.48 billion (USD 1.08 billion), representing a 55% premium to Osisko's 20-day volume-weighted average trading price.   Upon completion of the transaction, Gold Fields will consolidate Osisko's 50% partnership interest, obtaining full ownership and control of the Windfall Project and its entire exploration area. This will eliminate Gold Fields' existing CAD 300 million deferred cash payment and CAD 75 million exploration obligation, which were part of the Windfall joint venture agreement reached with Osisko in May 2023. At that time, Gold Fields paid CAD 60 million to acquire a 50% stake in the Windfall Project and established a joint venture with Osisko. The increased transaction price is influenced by multiple factors, including rising gold prices, increased investment, an additional 160,000 meters of drilling, and the inclusion of the Bonterra project, which is expected to add more resources through joint venture earning.     The transaction requires approval from at least two-thirds of the votes cast at Osisko's shareholder meeting and a simple majority of votes from Osisko shareholders (excluding certain related parties). The shareholder meeting is expected to take place in October 2024. The boards of both companies have unanimously approved and support the transaction, with Osisko's board recommending that shareholders vote in favor.   The arrangement agreement contains customary deal protection provisions, including a non-solicitation covenant by Osisko and a fiduciary out provision in favor of Osisko. Additionally, the agreement provides for a CAD 108 million termination fee payable by Osisko if it accepts a superior proposal or in certain other circumstances. Both Osisko and the acquirer have made customary representations, warranties, and covenants in the arrangement agreement, including covenants regarding Osisko's conduct of business prior to closing.   The transaction will be implemented through a Canadian plan of arrangement. If it receives Osisko shareholder approval and all required regulatory and court approvals, it is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2024.     Gold Fields CEO Mike Fraser welcomed the deal: "We are delighted to consolidate the remaining 50% interest in Windfall and its highly prospective exploration area. Deposits of this scale and quality, combined with a highly promising exploration zone, are exceptionally rare. Since May 2023, we have co-owned this project and conducted prior due diligence, gaining a deep understanding of Windfall and its potential, and we view it as the next long-life cornerstone asset in our portfolio. This acquisition aligns with our strategy to enhance portfolio quality by investing in high-quality, long-life assets like Windfall. It provides us with an opportunity to solidify our presence in Quebec (a Tier 1 mining jurisdiction) and leverage our expertise in greenfield exploration, project development, and underground mining."   Osisko CEO John Burzynski commented: "This premium transaction represents strong short-term returns for our shareholders and reflects the truly world-class nature of the Windfall Project. Over the course of nine years, we have developed Windfall into one of the largest and highest-grade gold development projects globally, and this transaction validates the extraordinary entrepreneurial spirit of the Osisko team. Gold Fields is a globally diversified senior gold producer with an impressive track record of successfully building and operating mines. As our joint venture partner at Windfall, Gold Fields has a deep understanding of this asset and recognizes the importance of the strong relationships we have established with all stakeholders in Quebec. Additionally, Gold Fields shares our core values of operating in a safe, inclusive, and socially responsible manner. They are well-positioned to bring Windfall into production, and we wish them every success in the future."

Flotation reagents play a crucial role in mineral processing, helping to regulate and control the flotation behavior of minerals. The most common reagents include collectors, frothers, regulators, and depressants. Below is a detailed overview of some frequently used flotation reagents:   1. Collectors Collectors enhance the hydrophobicity of mineral surfaces, increasing the attachment of mineral particles to air bubbles during flotation.   Xanthates Chemical Properties: Xanthates are salts of dithiocarbonates, commonly including ethyl xanthate (C2H5OCS2Na) and isopropyl xanthate (C3H7OCS2Na). Features: Strong collecting power but low selectivity, mainly used for sulfide minerals. Applications: Suitable for the flotation of copper, lead, and zinc ores. Data: In copper flotation, the dosage of ethyl xanthate ranges from 30-100 g/t, with recovery rates exceeding 90%.   Click here to know more: Dithiophosphates Chemical Properties: Dithiophosphates are salts of dithiophosphoric acid, such as sodium diethyl dithiophosphate (NaO2PS2(C2H5)2). Features: Good balance between selectivity and collecting power, effective for sulfide ores of copper, lead, and zinc. Applications: Used in the flotation of gold, silver, and copper ores. Data: In gold ore flotation, dithiophosphates are applied at 20-80 g/t, achieving recovery rates above 85%.   Carboxylates Chemical Properties: Carboxylates contain carboxylic acid groups, such as sodium oleate (C18H33NaO2). Features: Suitable for oxidized and non-metallic mineral flotation. Applications: Used in the flotation of hematite, ilmenite, and apatite. Data: In apatite flotation, sodium oleate is applied at concentrations of 50-150 g/t, with recovery rates around 75%.   2. Frothers Frothers promote the formation of stable and uniform bubbles during flotation, aiding in the attachment and separation of mineral particles.   Pine Oil Chemical Properties: Composed mainly of terpene compounds, offering excellent frothing capability. Features: Strong frothing ability with good bubble stability. Applications: Widely used for both sulfide and non-metallic minerals. Data: In copper flotation, pine oil dosage is typically 10-50 g/t.   Butanol Chemical Properties: An alcohol compound with moderate frothing properties. Features: Provides balanced frothing ability with stable foam. Applications: Suitable for the flotation of copper, lead, and zinc minerals. Data: In lead flotation, butanol is used at 5-20 g/t.   Click here to know more:   Y&X’s frother Q80 is characterized by several key features that make it an attractive choice for mineral processing: MIBC Substitute: It serves as a practical replacement for MIBC, commonly used in the industry. Non-Hazardous: Its non-hazardous nature ensures a safer working environment and easier compliance with regulatory standards.   3. Regulators Regulators adjust the pH of the slurry, inhibit or activate mineral surfaces, enhancing flotation selectivity.   Lime Chemical Properties: Mainly composed of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), used to control slurry pH. Features: Can adjust slurry pH to a range of 10-12. Applications: Extensively used in the flotation of copper, lead, and zinc ores. Data: In copper flotation, lime is applied at concentrations of 500-2000 g/t.   Copper Sulfate Chemical Properties: Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is a strong oxidizer commonly used as an activator for sulfide minerals. Features: Exhibits significant activation effects, particularly for pyrite flotation. Applications: Used in the activation of copper, lead, and zinc ores. Data: In lead flotation, copper sulfate is used at 50-200 g/t.   Click here to know more: 4. Depressants Depressants suppress the flotation activity of certain minerals, enabling selective separation.   Sodium Silicate Chemical Properties: Sodium silicate is a compound containing silicates with dispersing and inhibiting properties. Features: Effectively inhibits gangue minerals. Applications: Applied in the flotation of copper, lead, and zinc ores to depress gangue minerals. Data: In copper flotation, sodium silicate is used at concentrations of 100-500 g/t.   Sodium Sulfide Chemical Properties: Sodium sulfide (Na2S) is a strong reducing agent commonly used to depress oxidized minerals. Features: Highly effective in suppressing oxidation in copper minerals. Applications: Used in the flotation of oxidized copper, lead, and zinc minerals. Data: In oxidized copper flotation, sodium sulfide is applied at 50-150 g/t.   Flotation reagents come in many varieties, each with specific chemical properties and applications. Selecting and combining suitable reagents can significantly enhance flotation efficiency and product quality. Practical application requires choosing the optimal reagents and dosages based on ore characteristics, process requirements, and economic considerations.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in efficient, eco-friendly reagents for metal and non-metal ore beneficiation. With extensive experience in ores like copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, palladium, bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized, advanced solutions to maximize your benefits. Committed to providing one-stop beneficiation services, we look forward to a successful partnership with you.  

Heap leaching is a common method for gold extraction from ores, and the properties of the raw ore, including its mineralogical characteristics, associated minerals, and particle size distribution, significantly impact the efficiency of the heap leaching process.   1. Mineralogical Characteristics The raw material used in heap leaching consists of large ore blocks stacked on a pad. The leaching solution penetrates the ore surface, pores, and cleavage planes to contact and dissolve the gold. Therefore, ores with high porosity and well-developed cleavage facilitate the leaching process. Dense primary ores, however, are difficult to treat with heap leaching. In contrast, oxidized ores, which have undergone weathering, tend to become porous and permeable, making them more suitable for heap leaching.   Finer gold particles exhibit faster leaching rates, but these must be exposed for effective leaching. Coarser gold particles require longer leaching times, and their recovery rates are typically lower, making them less ideal for heap leaching. The shape of the gold particles also plays a crucial role; thin, exposed flakes leach more rapidly, whereas coarse, rounded particles leach more slowly. Gold particles with open pores on their surface leach more efficiently.   2. Associated Minerals The various mineral components within the ore influence the leaching process to different extents. Minerals that react with cyanide and oxygen in the leaching solution, or those that adsorb on the surface of gold particles, can hinder gold leaching by consuming cyanide and oxygen or purifying the gold surface.   Iron sulfide minerals, such as pyrite, marcasite, and pyrrhotite, can react chemically with cyanide and oxygen in the leaching solution, consuming these reagents. Intermediate products from these reactions also deplete the available oxygen and cyanide.   Arsenic-bearing minerals like arsenopyrite, realgar, orpiment, and arsenic trioxide can similarly react with oxygen and cyanide, reducing the effective chemical components in the leaching solution.   Copper and zinc minerals also react with cyanide, leading to its consumption. Antimony minerals may form deposits on gold particles, obstructing the leaching process. Excessive calcium oxide, used as a protective alkali, can form calcium peroxide on gold surfaces at high pH levels, further inhibiting leaching.   Ores containing carbonaceous minerals can adsorb the dissolved gold, leading to losses in the heap and reducing the overall gold recovery.   3. Ore Particle Size From a kinetic perspective, smaller particle sizes increase the exposed surface area of gold particles, enhancing contact between the solid and liquid phases and accelerating the leaching process.   However, overly fine particles can slow down the percolation rate of the leaching solution, negatively affecting the solid-liquid separation within the heap. In extreme cases, fine particles can block the uniform flow of the leaching solution, creating dead zones that impair leaching efficiency. Fine particles can also complicate the washing process, leading to the loss of gold-bearing solutions and extending the leaching time.     Y&X's widely recognized product, YX500 gold leaching reagent, serves as an eco-friendly alternative to the highly toxic sodium cyanide, effectively overcoming nearly all of its disadvantages. YX500 is already in industrial production and application. The innovative "combined leaching" and "on-site cleaning" technologies developed by Y&X ensure that tailing pond sludge is discharged according to environmental standards while maintaining high gold recovery rates.   Key advantages of YX500 include: 1. Low toxicity and environmental friendliness, offering enhanced safety in transportation, use, and storage. 2. As a standard chemical product, YX500 can be shipped via sea, rail, or road, greatly reducing transportation costs. 3. It can directly replace sodium cyanide without requiring any modifications to existing leaching processes. 4. YX500 enables faster leaching than sodium cyanide, cutting production cycles by 30%, which saves labor, reduces costs, and conserves water. 5. It provides excellent stability and improved carbon adsorption capacity, significantly boosting the performance of activated carbon and increasing gold recovery rates.   Click here for more details on the YX500!    

Afghanistan's 10 Million-Ton Giant Copper Mine Restarts Reuters, July 26 - The highly anticipated Mes Aynak copper mine project in central-eastern Afghanistan is set to restart, according to Afghan Foreign Ministry spokesman Homayoon Afghan. Mes Aynak is one of the world's largest undeveloped copper mines, containing over 10 million tons of copper. The project is expected to generate hundreds of millions of dollars in annual revenue for Afghanistan. Previously, the project had been stalled due to a range of complex issues, making its restart highly significant.   Australia Plans to Revise Mineral Resource Reporting Standards to Strengthen Domestic Exploration Market Management Bloomberg, August 1 - The Australian government has announced plans to amend the JORC Code (Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves) to further regulate the domestic exploration market and strengthen the management of mineral resource reporting. The draft of the new code will introduce additional environmental requirements and mandate that resource estimates for proposed mines be validated by qualified experts before becoming effective. Once approved, the revised code will apply to all locally listed companies. The JORC Code, one of the most recognized reporting standards in the international mining market, was developed by the Joint Ore Reserves Committee, comprising the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Australian Institute of Geoscientists, and the Minerals Council of Australia. The code, which covers exploration results, mineral resources, and ore reserves of solid minerals, was first published in 1989 and was last updated a decade ago.   Brazil Launches Key Mineral Resource Potential Assessment Program BNAmericas, July 29 - The Brazilian Geological Survey (SGB) has launched an initiative to explore the country's critical mineral potential. The program, named the Key Mineral Resource Potential Project, will utilize 3D magnetic inversion and machine learning technologies to assess key mineral resources in various regions of Brazil, including Upper Floresta in Mato Grosso, Tapajós in Pará, and Araçuaí in Minas Gerais. The SGB plans to reprocess previously published 500-meter interval aeromagnetic survey results using 3D inversion and machine learning, aiming to complete eight 1:100,000 scale maps each month. This initiative is expected to be a significant step towards diversifying Brazil's mining industry.  

The processing mineralogy of refractory gold ores reveals that the reasons behind the hindrance of cyanidation of gold are primarily due to the state of gold occurrence and the mineral composition. These reasons can be categorized into two major types: physical encapsulation and chemical interference.   What is Physical Encapsulation? Physical encapsulation refers to gold being finely disseminated or encapsulated in other primary minerals, making it highly dispersed and difficult to extract. The main host minerals encapsulating gold are pyrite and arsenopyrite, followed by sulfides of copper, lead, and zinc. While encapsulated gold is less commonly found in quartz and sulfates, its recovery from quartz and silicates remains economically unviable.   This type of refractory gold ore is the most significant and well-studied, with considerable research focused on finding effective solutions. Notably, the main host minerals such as pyrite and arsenopyrite, which encapsulate gold, are also key factors in causing chemical interference.   What is Chemical Interference? Chemical interference occurs when substances in the ore consume cyanide and oxygen or adsorb gold, thereby hindering the cyanidation process. Specific types of chemical interference include:   1. Sulphide Minerals: Various sulfide minerals in gold ores consume cyanide. 2. Oxygen-Consuming Minerals: Minerals that consume oxygen during decomposition. 3. Carbonaceous Materials: Substances that adsorb dissolved gold complexes, causing "preg-robbing" phenomena similar to activated carbon. 4. Protective Films: Minerals like arsenic, antimony, and lead that dissolve to form compounds or colloids, creating protective films on gold particles, hindering extraction. 5. Insoluble Compounds: Gold present in insoluble compounds or forms. 6. Passivation: Gold dissolution is passivated when in contact with other conductive minerals.   Among these, high-arsenic, high-sulfur, and high-carbon sulfide ores are the most common and challenging globally. Methods to Improve Refractory Gold Ore Treatment To enhance the treatment of refractory gold ores, several methods can be employed: 1. Mechanical Methods: Breaking down encapsulating materials to liberate gold. 2. Pretreatment Before Cyanidation: Oxidizing and decomposing primary minerals to release encapsulated gold and remove interfering components. Techniques include oxidative roasting, pressure oxidation, and bacterial oxidation. 3. Non-Cyanide Leaching Methods: Avoiding the adverse effects of interfering substances by using alternatives such as thiosulfate or thiourea leaching. 4. Enhanced Cyanidation: Improving the cyanidation process through methods like pressure cyanidation, addition of oxidants, or using chemicals to neutralize harmful components.   In recent years, the number of gold mines adopting these treatment technologies has increased rapidly. However, oxidative roasting, pressure oxidation, and bacterial pre-oxidation remain the most common methods in research and practical applications.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in efficient, eco-friendly beneficiation solutions for metal and non-metallic ores. With expertise in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, palladium, bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we tailor our advanced methods and high-efficiency reagents to your specific needs. Our goal is to maximize your benefits and provide comprehensive, one-stop solutions. We look forward to a successful partnership with you.

After a week of turbulence and decline, the gold and silver markets have finally turned around. According to the latest market data, COMEX gold and silver prices both showed significant rebounds on Tuesday, July 30, bringing new hope to investors.   Significant Gains for Gold and Silver Specifically, COMEX gold prices rose by 1.26% to close at $2,456 per ounce. This increase not only halted the previous downward trend but also indicated a gradual recovery in market confidence. Meanwhile, COMEX silver prices performed even better, with a rise of 2.38%, closing at $28.53 per ounce, showing stronger rebound momentum. In night trading, gold and silver prices continued to rise, with gold up by 0.77% and silver up by 2.18%, further consolidating the day's gains.   Market Sentiment and Factors Driving the Rebound Last week, gold and silver prices were under pressure from various factors, including the fading of interest rate cut expectations and a widespread risk-averse sentiment, leading to noticeable price drops. As market sentiment gradually stabilizes and negative factors are digested, investor expectations for the gold and silver markets have started to warm up. This shift is reflected not only in the price rebound but also in the gradual recovery of market confidence and the stabilization of trading activities.   The current rebound in gold and silver prices is mainly due to expectations of global economic recovery, heightened geopolitical risks, and technical support factors.   Firstly, optimistic expectations for global economic recovery continue to support precious metals like gold and silver. Although interest rate cut expectations have diminished, global monetary easing policies are likely to persist, helping to maintain stable gold and silver prices.   Secondly, increasing geopolitical risks have also provided upward momentum for gold and silver prices. The international turmoil has led investors to seek relatively safer assets, with precious metals like gold and silver being highly favored for their safe-haven attributes. This increased demand for safety has directly driven up gold and silver prices.   Additionally, technical factors have also played a role in the price rebound. After a period of decline, gold and silver prices have reached relatively low levels, with technical overselling providing an opportunity for a rebound. Moreover, some investors are taking this chance to bottom-fish, further driving up prices.   Looking ahead, the outlook for gold and silver prices remains cautiously optimistic. As global economic recovery continues and monetary easing policies persist, precious metals are likely to retain their appeal as safe-haven assets. Investors will be closely watching economic indicators and central bank policies for further guidance. With the recent rebound, market participants can hope for a more stable and potentially upward trend in the gold and silver markets.      

Process flow testing is generally conducted before the preliminary design of a beneficiation plant or the modification of existing technology. These tests provide a reference for the design or technical renovation of the plant. Typically, laboratory tests are conducted first, followed by planning based on the results to determine if semi-industrial or industrial tests are necessary.   The testing process for beneficiation procedures is usually developed by a research unit, which also collects the necessary data. If conditions allow, the testing, design, and production departments can collaborate to finalize the test details.   I. General Content of Data Collection before Beneficiation A. Understanding the Task and Client Requirements 1. Determine the scale and service life of the beneficiation plant. 2. Identify the main useful components and associated comprehensive utilization issues. 3. Outline the stages of testing and the required completion date. 4. Specify whether the plant will process ore from a single deposit or multiple deposits and types. 5. Note any special requirements for the chemical composition, grade, and particle size of the concentrate. 6. Analyze the supply and performance of water sources, beneficiation reagents, and roasting fuels in the plant area.   B. Geology-Related Information 1. Identify the type of deposit, geological reserves, orebody characteristics, ore types, grade features, mineralization patterns, and surrounding rock variations. 2. Perform a prospect evaluation and design a sampling strategy.   C. Mining Design Information 1. Outline mining development plans and methods. 2. Describe the co-mining or selective mining of different ore types. 3. Provide the rate of dilution and the grade of extracted ore. 4. Detail the ore type ratios and average grades for the designed mining area, and the planned ore type ratios and average grades for the next 5-10 years.   D. Beneficiation Information 1. Specify any special requirements for testing from the beneficiation design. 2. Review worldwide test research and production practices for similar ores. 3. Identify potential advanced technologies that could be applied.   II. Main Content of Beneficiation Process Flow Testing A. Ore Properties Research Understanding ore properties is crucial for selecting a beneficiation scheme and defining the plant design. This includes: 1. Spectroscopic qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis. 2. Comprehensive chemical analysis, mineral identification, phase analysis, size analysis, magnetic analysis, heavy liquid analysis, fire assay, grindability tests, and various physical properties (specific gravity, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, moisture content, true and bulk densities, angle of repose, friction angle, hardness, viscosity, etc.).   B. Beneficiation Methods, Flow Structures, Indicators, and Process Conditions These aspects directly influence the plant design and must be carefully considered to ensure reliable beneficiation indicators. For complex ores or those with limited beneficiation practice, exploratory tests should precede the testing program. The program should include schemes based on successful production practices and new technologies with proven potential for practical application. Multiple testing schemes should be considered for technical and economic comparisons, with detailed analysis of 1-2 key flow schemes.   Process conditions should be optimized by identifying their influencing factors and determining the best range for key operations. The flow structure should include the number of grinding and separation stages, roughing, cleaning, and scavenging operations, and mass flow diagrams. Slurry flow diagrams should be provided if necessary.   C. Analysis of Beneficiation Outputs Various analyses (spectral, chemical, fire assay, phase, size, mineral identification) should be conducted on concentrate, middling, and tailings to address issues such as: 1. Low concentrate grade, low recovery rates, unmet chromite/manganese ratios. 2. Enrichment directions of certain co-occurring elements. 3. The performance of certain beneficiation operations and new technologies for different minerals.   Output properties like chemical composition, size characteristics, true and bulk densities, and sedimentation rates of concentrate and tailings are fundamental data for plant design.   D. Special Test Items Special test items may be required based on user and design unit requests, such as flotation with recycled water, purification of beneficiation wastewater, filtration of flotation concentrate, utilization of off-spec ore, and supplementary tests after production trials.   III. Research on Beneficiation Methods and Process Testing 1. Research on Beneficiation Methods: Due to advances in beneficiation technology, multiple methods may be available for treating a single ore type. Comparative testing of different methods should be conducted based on ore properties, product quality requirements, and construction conditions to select the most suitable method.   2. Separation Condition Testing: Flotation: Tests should include grinding fineness, slurry concentration, temperature, pH, reagent regime, stirring, and flotation time. Additional tests may cover recycled water use, water quality, reagent removal, desliming, air pressure, and air volume. Magnetic Separation: Tests should include magnetic induction intensity, material entry particle size, capacity, classification versus non-classification. For dry weak magnetic separation, additional tests on the impact of ore moisture and washing on separation indicators are needed. For wet strong magnetic separation, tests should cover slurry concentration, washing water pressure and volume, medium plate gap, rotation speed, and the aggregation of strongly magnetic minerals. Gravity Separation: Tests should include feed quantity, particle size and range, slurry concentration (solid-liquid ratio), washing water pressure and volume, feed and discharge methods, and cut-off position. Specific equipment parameters should also be tested. Comparison Tests of Major Raw Materials for Mineral Processing Reagents, Fuels, and Media: These tests should be conducted in conjunction with different mineral processing methods and equipment trials. They involve comparing the types, performance, specifications, consumption, and beneficiation effects of the main reagents, fuels, and media used. The goal is to select varieties that offer good beneficiation indicators, are cost-effective, have abundant sources, and cause minimal environmental pollution or are easy to manage.   Y&X Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. is a dedicated provider of beneficiation solutions for metal mines, specializing in efficient and environmentally friendly reagents. With extensive experience in copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, rare metals like cobalt and palladium, and non-metallic ores like bismuth, fluorite, and phosphate, we offer customized solutions tailored to the specific nature of your ore and production conditions. Our goal is to ensure maximum benefits for our customers through advanced beneficiation methods and high-efficiency reagents. Y&X is committed to providing one-stop beneficiation solutions and looks forward to a successful partnership with you.  

Introducing DC550i, an innovative Copper-Sulfur Depressant designed to optimize the copper-molybdenum separation process. This highly efficient inhibitor boasts a selective action against copper and sulfur, making it especially suitable for high-sulfur copper-molybdenum ores. Here’s why DC550i stands out in mineral processing:   Key Advantages of DC550i Eco-Friendly and Non-Toxic: Unlike traditional reagents like sodium sulfide (Na2S) or sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), DC550i is a green, environmentally friendly chemical that is safe to use and store. It poses no toxic risk, ensuring a safer working environment.   Ready-to-Use Liquid Form: DC550i can be utilized directly in its original liquid form or diluted with water, based on site-specific conditions. This not only saves time but also reduces labor and operational costs.   Superior Inhibition with Lower Dosage: DC550i offers exceptional copper inhibition efficiency, requiring only about 50% of the dosage needed for traditional sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide treatments. This results in significant cost savings and enhanced processing performance.     Applications and Functionality Applicable Minerals: DC550i is ideal for copper-molybdenum sulfide ore and high-sulfur metallic ores. It effectively inhibits minerals such as chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, ensuring a high-quality separation process.   Function: As a robust inhibitor for copper-molybdenum separation, DC550i excels in strong and selective inhibition of copper and sulfur. It is particularly effective in high-sulfur environments, providing efficient and reliable results with minimal dosage.     By incorporating DC550i into your mineral processing workflow, you gain a competitive edge through its environmental benefits, operational simplicity, and cost-efficiency. Elevate your copper-molybdenum separation process with DC550i – the future of eco-friendly mineral processing.